In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of 3 Insecticides and Bio-Insecticide Effects on Olive Pollen Germination and Tube Growth

摘要

In order to determine if insecticide treatment during bloom had an effect on olive productivity, three insecticides: Dimethoate (Dimate), Deltamethrine (Decis) and Oleoparathion (Oleokriss) and a bioinsecticide (Bactospeine) were studied over Coratinaolive cultivar. These compounds, were applied, at variable concentrations of 100,10 and 1% RFR, to pollen culture medium or sprayed to field-grown trees during green-cluster stage. Their effectiveness was evaluated on the germination capacity (% germination and tube growth). When added to pollen culture medium, increased germination percentage of Coratina pollen and in vitro enhanced tube elongation were obtained when Bactospeine at 100, 10 and 1% RFR. Germination and tube length were reduced when Dimethoate, Deltamethrine and Oleoparathion were applied to Coratina pollen germination media at 100% RFR. Oleoparathion at 100% and 10% RFR inhibited both pollen germination and tube growth. In contrast, at 1% RFR, Oleoparathion was less inhibitory. Deltamethrine at 100% RFR inhibited pollen germination and tube growth. An intermediate inhibitory effect on pollen germination and tube elongation were observed when Dimethoate was used at 100% RFR. When the insecticides were sprayed on the shoots of Coratinaolive cultivar just before blooming, treatments showed similar trends with low pollen germination and tube growth in presence of Oleoparathion and increasing to high levels in presence of Bactopeine. Germination and tube length were reduced when Dimethoate, Deltamethrine and Oleoparathion at 100% RFR were applied to pollen insecticide-free media. In contrast, at 10 and 1% RFR, these insecticides were less inhibitory and showed no difference from the control. Applications of Oleoparathion most severely reduced pollen germination, retarded germination, ruptured pollen tubes and damaged stigmatic surfaces in vivo.