At the present time, the universality of the thermodynamic method in describing closed (equilibrium) and open (in general, nonequilibrium) thermodynamic systems (flows) is achieved in both cases by the application of the method of quasi-static equilibrium. In this connection, several notions of the quasi-static method such as Poisson's adiabat ds_c = d(pv~k) = 0 and the classical entropy ds_c = d(pv~k), whose areas of action are bounded by closed systems with one or two degrees of freedom, are mechanically extended to open systems with a higher number of degrees of freedom.
展开▼
