Adventitious shoot regeneration and in vitroflowering of Anthemis xylopoda O.Schwarz,a critically endangered Turkish endemic

摘要

A protocol has been developed for the direct induction of adventitious shoots from leaf explants of in vitroraised Anthemis xylopoda O.Schwarz, a critically endangered Turkish endemic. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) mediasupplemented with N~6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (KIN), and thidiazuron (TDZ) were used in regenerationexperiments. BA at 0.5 mg L 'concentration was chosen as the optimal treatment because it yielded the maximal numberof adventitious shoots with the best quality (6.70 ± 1.05 shoots/explant). The highest mean of maximum shoot length wasobserved in MS media containing 0.2 mg L~(-1) BA (4.30 ± 0.48 cm). Regenerated shoots rooted best on 1/2MS mediumcontaining 0.5 mg L~(-1) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Flower buds also occurred during rooting. For this study, the existenceof auxins in the medium was essential for in vitro flower bud induction. IBA was found to be more efficient than indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the induction of flower buds of A. xylopoda. The maximum flowering percentage was obtainedwhen the shoots were cultured on 1/2MS medium containing 1.0 mg L~1IBA. Flowers produced in vitro weremorphologically normal and yellow.