High efficiency somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of grapevine: the effect of genotype, media, 2,4-D, and incubation conditions.

摘要

Immature zygotic embryos of the 41 B grape rootstock (grape cv. Chasselas . Vitis berlandieri) and Yalova Incisi (V. vinifera) were cultured on MS, NN and B5 media supplemented with 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg 2,4-D/litre at 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod and complete darkness. For the 41 B rootstock, the highest somatic embryo formation was obtained from the dark condition on B5 media containing 0.5 and 1.0 mg 2,4-D/litre with the rates of 30 and 28.9%, respectively. Yalova Incisi zygotic embryos produced 5% somatic embryos only at 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod of MS supplemented with 1.0 mg 2,4-D/litre, and also in 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod and complete darkness, somatic embryos were produced at the rates of 6.3 and 2.3%, respectively, in cultures of NN containing 0.5 mg 2,4-D/litre. After 8 months of culture, 559 embryos at torpedo stage were identified on B5 + 1.0 mg 2,4-D/litre + dark cultures of 41 B and 912 embryos at torpedo stage were identified on NN + 0.5 mg 2,4-D/litre + light cultures of Yalova Incisi. The highest germination and plantlet conversion rates were obtained from 41 B on free NN medium (58 and 75%, respectively) and from Yalova Incisi on free MS medium (77.4 and 45%, respectively). Of the regenerated somatic plantlets, 91.9% were successfully transferred to soil.