Intranasal insulin: is there a promise for treatment of diabetes-related cognitive decline?

摘要

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality of all causes worldwide. Type 2 DM affects more than 44 million people in the USA. It has become the fastest growing disease, affecting 27% of older people. DM accelerates brain aging [l], manifests as a widespread generalized atrophy, and promotes earlier onset of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). DM-related atrophy manifests as worse cognitive function, memory and gait, especially during a dual task [2], and even a tight glycemic control did not improve cognitive function in participants of the large clinical trials [3].