Solar Space Research by Imaging X-Ray Spectroscopy

摘要

Space research of the Sun and solar radiation have been carried out at the Lebedev Physical Institute (FIAN) since the late 1940s aboard geophysical rockets and since the late 1950s and early 1960s aboard artificial earth satellites (AESs). The first long-term experiment to measure X-ray flux at wavelengths shorter than 120 ? was conducted onboard the Sputnik 2 AES, which was launched on November 3, 1957 [1]. Its payload included an instrument with open photomultipliers, which was designed under the supervision of S.L. Mandel'shtam and A.A. Lebedev.