Identification of PM_(10)Sources in a Mediterranean Island

摘要

Due to the dry Mediterranean climate in Cyprus,particulate matter is resuspended from soils and other surfaces.From November 2002 to August 2003,gravimetric PM_(10)measurements were carried out at three characteristic sites(traffic,residential and rural).A significant seasonal trend with high winter concentrations was observed at the traffic site.Special events,e.g.long-range transport of Sahara dust storms,were recorded over traffic,residential and rural areas in the order of six to eight events per year,with a major frequency in summer and spring periods.This contributes to the increase of 24-h EU limit value exceedances for PM_(10)at the three investigated sites.The origin of the PM_(10)load was determined by enrichment factors based on analyses of the local soil deposition at the investigated sites.Furthermore,positive matrix factorisation modelling was applied to find the sources of PM_(10).Results indicate that the major emission sources affecting the PM_(10)load were mineral soil,sea salt,road dust,oil combustion,secondary pollutants and gasoline vehicles.The natural contribution(local mineral soil and sea salt)at the three sites was in the range of 7-9 mu g m~3 in PM_(10).Besides the Sahara dust storms and natural background concentrations,the vehicular pollution was found as the largest contributor(12-14 mu g m~(-3))to PM_(10)load at the traffic site.