The proposed mathematical model of deep penetration in electron beam welding was developed on the basis of analytical thermal models and the equilibrium conditions between the pressure of the vapours in the channel, the hydrostatic pressure of the column of liquid metal and the forces of surface tension, taking into account the processes of chemical thermodynamics and the parameters of the heat source, distributed in space. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to calculate the depth of penetration in relation to the space-energy parameters of the electron beam and the chemical composition of the welded materials, the distribution of temperature in the penetration channel, the thermal cycle of welding and the geometry of the penetration channel.
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