Appendix A: Review of plastic analysis techniques for identifying separation of primary and secondary stresses

摘要

A procedure called the reduced modulus method or a pseudo-plastic analysis is addressed in the appendix. This procedure has been suggested independently by several researchers in the United States, Canada, Japan, and Europe over several years. Italso appears to have been proposed many years ago as a simple method for inelastic FE stress analysis. It was originally proposed as a tool for categorizing stresses in piping systems for elastic follow-up at elevated temperatures and later to moregeneral pressure vessel applications. The appendix is limited to the studies of three investigators: Dhalla, Seshadri and Kizhatil,15 and the team of Boyle and MacKenzie. The purpose is to give an overview of the specific procedures developed by theseinvestigators. The approach is to use the authors' words, whenever appropriate. Many papers have been written on this topic by these and other authors, for example, Porowski, Roche, and Seshadri and Kizhatil, but the discussion is limited to the following references: Dhalla in Section A. 1, Seshadri and Fernando in Section A.2, and Boyle and MacKenzie and MacKenzie and Boyle in Section A.3. The references in these papers provide additional information on these subjects.