Controls, computers and communications: Fusion in instrumentation, control and automation of water and wastewater systems in Japan

摘要

This article sets out the currents status of instrumentation, control and automation in Japan and the developments which are rapidly leading to a new configuration for such systems; this new configuration may best be encapsulated by the concept of '3C Fusion', i.e., the fusion of controls, computing and communications. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: None]