Clinicians know how to diagnose lesions in a patient of diabetic retinopathy. Researchers and scientists working in laboratories are involved at a cellular/molecular level in trying to understand the basic processes.It is the understanding of the basic pathophysiological processes that leads to an understanding of the clinical course of diabetic retinopathy. It also lays the foundation for the development of newer modalities of treatment, which may be of use therapeutically in the future. The classical recent example was the discovery of the role of vascular endothelial growth factors
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