In this article, a case of localized steatitis is reported at the level of the perivaginal adipose tissue after dystocia in a mare. Although the mare initially recovered well postpartum, she died a few days later. At the second consultation, a knobby bump was present at both sides of the vaginal wall on vaginal examination. The intravaginal opening of these bumps was associated with the outflow of pus containing yellow-brown pieces of necrotic adipose tissue. Later on, steatitis at the level of the ligamentae vesicae and a bladder rupture were also observed at necropsy. These disorders probably accelerated the clinical symptoms resulting in shock.
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