In 1999 the Dutch government and energy intensive industry agreed upon a covenant on energy efficiency as part of the Dutch climate change policy and Kyoto objectives, In this covenant the industry committed to 'world class performance on energy efficiency', at latest in 2012, In the benchmarking process the industry is obligated to hire an independent third party consultant every four years to define 'world class performance on energy efficiency', further referred to as 'World's Top' (WT), and the distance from the world's top for their installations, The results of the benchmarking have been used in the allocation process of CO{sub}2 emission allowances under the EU emission trading scheme (ETS) as a reward for early action.
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