Impact of freezing on the emergence of Culicoides chiopterus and Culicoides dewulfi from bovine dung

摘要

The emergence of Culicoides chiopterus (Meigen), 1830 and C. dewulfi Goetghebuer, 1936 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from cowpats in northwestern Germany was investigated. In order to investigate the survival of both species at low temperatures, cowpat subsamples were frozen for 48 h at -18 and -21 degrees C. Emergence from frozen and non-frozen samples was compared. The number of emerging adults of C. chiopterus from samples frozen at -18 degrees C was greatly reduced and no emergence was observed from samples frozen at -21 degrees C. No adult C. dewulfi emerged from frozen samples, suggesting this species is less resistant to these temperatures, compared to C. chiopterus. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.