Study of corrosion products on Vietnamese archaeological bronzes dating from the Dong Son period

摘要

In this work corrosion products present on Vietnamese archaeological bronzes from the D (o) over cap ng S (o) over capn period are investigated using several complementary surface analysis techniques. An image with the accompanying depth profile of the different elements within the corrosion layer [Cu, Pb, Sn, O, Si, Al, Cl) was obtained by means of scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of azurite, atacamite, and lead white in the corrosion layers. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) it is found that lead and tin are present as oxides, the chemical state of copper could not be determined univocally: copper is present as pure Cu or as copper oxide. On the basis of the SEM-EDX measurements the samples are sorted according to a classification proposed by Robbiola et al. in literature. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.