Calcium Signals: The Lead Currency of Plant Information Processing.

摘要

Capo signals are core transducers and regulators in many adaptation and developmental processes of plants. Capo signals are represented by stimulus-specific signatures that result from the concerted action of channels, pumps, and carriers that shape temporally and spatially defined Capo elevations. Cellular Capo signals are decoded and transmitted by a toolkit of Capo binding proteins that relay this information into downstream responses. Major transduction routes of Capo signaling involve Capo-regulated kinases mediating phosphorylation events that orchestrate downstream responses or comprise regulation of gene expression via Capo-regulated transcription factors and Capo-responsive promoter elements. Here, we review some of the remarkable progress that has been made in recent years, especially in identifying critical components functioning in Capo signal transduction, both at the single-cell and multicellular level. Despite impressive progress in our understanding of the processing of Capo signals during the past years, the elucidation of the exact mechanistic principles that underlie the specific recognition and conversion of the cellular Capo currency into defined changes in protein-protein interaction, protein phosphorylation, and gene expression and thereby establish the specificity in stimulus response coupling remain to be explored.