Getting a Leg Up on the Competition: The Importance of Osteology in Elite Athletics

摘要

We endorse the argument that natural variation in hormone levels, genes, and receptors confounds the attempts of regulatory agencies like the IAAF to distinguish between male and female athletes. We agree that the current rules are flawed and do not produce fair competition. What has not been discussed by either the authors of this article, Karkazis, Jordan-Young, Davis, and Camporesi (2012), nor any sport regulating organizations we know of, relates to sex difference in the shape of the long bones in the limbs.