Myological adaptations to fast enduring flight in European free-tailed bats, Tadarida teniotis (Molossidae, Chiroptera)

摘要

Molossid bats are considered as morphologically specialized for fast enduring flights within obstacle-free environments. The only European species of the family, the European free-tailed bat Tadarida unions, exhibits a similar flight behavior and is thus expected to demonstrate analogous morphological adaptations. The present report investigates external and muscular forelimb features that could be assoeiated with open air high-speed flight patterns. For the scope of the study, we calculated standardexternal ecomorphological indices and carried out gross anatomical dissections on six adult specimens of T. teniotis from northern Greece. In this way, we qualitatively and quantitatively examined patterns of relative mass and strength in selected muscles. In terms of external morphology, T. teniotis possessed long and narrow wings with slightly pointed tips. Regarding forelimb muscular anatomy, the species is characterized by powerful wing adductors (e.g. pectorales), an enlargement of the coracoid head of biceps brachii, and equal mass of elbow joint flexors and extensors. These characteristics, partly shared by other molossids, may correlate to a powerful, controlled downstroke and a semi-extended elbow for fast enduring non-maneuverable flight.