Canonical and microcanonical ensemble approaches to Bose-Einstein condensation: The thermodynamics of particles in harmonic traps

摘要

The thermodynamic properties of bosons moving in a harmonic trap in an arbitrary number of dimensions are investigated in the grand canonical, canonical and microcanonical ensembles by applying combinatorial techniques developed earlier in statistical nuclear fragmentation models. Thermodynamic functions such as the energy and specific heat are computed exactly in these ensembles. The occupation of the ground or condensed state is also obtained exactly, and signals clearly the phase transition. The application of these techniques to fermionic systems is also briefly discussed.