Chylous fistula is a well known complication after abdominal, thoracic, vertebral, and head and neck surgery in which the field of dissection includes the cistema chyli, the thoracic duct, or their major tributaries. After breast cancer surgery however, chyle leakage is a very rare complication and reports are limited to breast surgery combined with axillary lymph node dissection.Possibly, the lateral terminating branches or lymphatic trunks are accidentally injured, leading to retrograde chyle flow.
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