FOUR IRAC SOURCES WITH AN EXTREMELY RED H - [3.6] COLOR:PASSIVE OR DUSTY GALAXIES AT z > 4.5?

摘要

We report the detection of four IRAC sources in the GOODS-South field with an extremely red color of H - [3.6] > 4.5. The four sources are not detected in the deep Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 H-band image with Hlimit = 28.3 mag. We find that only three types of SED templates can produce such a red H - [3.6] color: a very dusty SED with the Calzetti extinction of A_V = 16 mag at z = 0.8; a very dusty SED with the SMC extinction of AV = 8 mag at z = 2.0– 2.2; and an 1 Gyr SSP with A_V ～ 0.8 at z = 5.7. We argue that these sources are unlikely dusty galaxies at z ≤ 2.2 based on absent strong MIPS 24μm emission. The old stellar population model at z > 4.5 remains a possible solution for the 4 sources. At z > 4.5, these sources have stellar masses of log(M_*/M_o) = 10.6–11.2. One source, ERS-1, is also a type-II X-ray QSO with L_(2-8 ke)V = 1.6 × 10~(44) erg s~(-1). One of the four sources is an X-ray QSO and another one is a HyperLIRG, suggesting a galaxy-merging scenario for the formation of these massive galaxies at high redshifts.