Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Spine Surgery

摘要

Intraoperative imaging for anatomic guidance during surgery is an established practice that has evolved significantly over the last decade. Image guidance originally found application in a number of orthopedic and neuro-surgical spinal procedures after clinical introduction of the x-ray. Currently, surgical decision making can be supplemented by a variety of intraoperative imaging techniques, including plain radiography, fluoroscopy, an-giography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and, most recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). How the acquired image relates the to the operative site, however, still requires manual interpretation by the surgeon in the absence of stereotactic techniques.