Women and men presenting with macroscopic hematuria are usually scheduled for a complete work up of the urinary tract to exclude benign, but especially malignant abnormalities of the urinary system. However, if they present with microscopic hematuria this is still a problem, especially for the family physician and also for many urologists, because the existing guidelines are not uniform in their advices and the recommendations in the guidelines are not based on high level evidence.
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