Throughout the 1990s, a succession of management approaches, tools and techniques were in vogue such as multi-skilling, empowerment and re-engineering. Many organisations adopted a variety of them for improving performance, achieving quality or business excellence, and bringing about significant change. They gave many organisations a common way of tackling certain types of problem. And, often, consultants felt naked without their methodologies and played a major role in transferring them between clients.
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