FILLER LOADING IN paper and board has been explored and utilized extensively over the past three decades mainly to reduce total cost of operation and improve quality. Lower prices of filler as compared with virgin fiber provide an effective way for direct savings in raw material costs, while improved opacity and paper printability are the two most common quality improvements. Production and consumption of printing and writing papers in Europe and North America are generally decreasing. Cyclic economic downturn and massive use of digital media have been the main reasons for these developments.
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