CAPRI Horizontal Well Reactor for Catalytic Upgrading of Heavy Oil

摘要

The vast heavy oil and tar sands resources in Canada, Venezuela, the UnitedStates and other parts of the world will remain largely underutilized, unless more economic means are found to upgrade them to higher quality oil stocks. Surface upgrading processes, or Stage I Technology, incur high costs because of the investment needed in thermal coker plants and associated hydrogen generation plants. Included also in this category, is the higher conversion hydroconversion processes, which operation at much higher temperatures and pressures. Here, the initial capex required is very large, around