Intake of calcium and phosphorus and levels of bone mineralization (BMC) and mineral bone density (BMD) of female swimmers in the pubescence period.

摘要

This study evaluated bone mineralization (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of osseous tissue in 32 girls undertaking swimming training (mean 12.1 h physical activity per week) and aged 11-15 yr, i.e. at an age when peak bone mass is reached, as compared with 24 girls of a similar age and not undertaking sports training (mean 2.3 h physical activity per week), taking into account dietary allowances for calcium and phosphorus and dietary ratios of these elements. Both the swimmers and their non-training colleagues were found to meet nutritional demands to the same extent and their diets did not differ in terms of intakes of energy and nutrients (protein, calcium, phosphorus), which is thought to be incorrect in the case of the non-training girls. An alarmingly low intake of calcium along with, simultaneously, excessive intakes of protein and phosphorus, as well as incorrect intake ratios between calcium and phosphorus and between calcium and protein observed especially in the case of the swimmers was found. It is suggested that this situation might have an adverse effect on bone mineralization in the period prior to reaching peak bone mass.