Control of Phytotoxin from Ceratocystis pamdoxa Using Trichoderma Species Phytotoxins on Oil Palm (Elaeis quineensis Jacq.) Sprouted Seeds

摘要

Ceratocystis paradoxa, causal agent of oil palm sprouted seeds rot produced phytotoxin, which induced brown discoloration on healthy oil palm sprouted seeds. This was observed 48 h after immersion in 70 and 100% solutions harvested at 21, 28 and 35 days. Brown discoloration observed on the apex of the radicle extended down to the base. Dryness of the tissue appeared grey-black, six days post inoculation. Symptom of brown discoloration was first observed on sprouted seeds treated with lyophilized phytotoxin from C. paradoxa, 22 h post inoculation. This was at 50, 70 and 100% concentrations, followed by non-sterilized and sterilized phytotoxins at 70 and 100% concentration each, 48 h post inoculation. One Hundred percent infection was reached ten dayspost inoculation with lyophilized phytotoxin at 100% concentration. Brown discoloration on radicle was observed on the 3rd day with phytotoxins from T. species treatment against C. paradoxa phytotoxin. T. viride, T. polysporum, T. hamatum and T. aureoviride produced phytotoxins, reduced infection rates on sprouted seeds immersed in phytotoxin from C. paradoxa. Concentration of Phytotoxins from T. species treatments without C. paradoxa phytotoxin, did not record symptoms at all levels of concentrations.