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Foucault's Idea of Philosophy as ‘Care of the Self:’ Critical Assessment and Conflicting Metaphilosophical Views

机译:福柯的“自我关怀”哲学思想:批判性评估和矛盾的元哲学观点

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The purpose of my study is to discuss the thesis according to which “ultimately, for Foucault, ancient philosophy can be comprehended, if not completely, then at least in several of its fundamental characteristics, as a vast project of inventing, defining, elaborating, and practicing a complex ‘care of the self’ (epimeleia heautou)” (McGushin). I will try to provide a critical assessment of the ethical ‘shift’ in Foucault's texts, courses and interviews from his final years, arguing that the idea of philosophical practice seen as ‘care of the self’ was the major theme of his final project, a theme intended to carry out not only an important transformation in our understanding of the history of ethics and also of the history of subjectivity, but to inspire an ‘aesthetics of existence’ fitted for our times, a poetics of the self conceived as the only possible resistance to biopolitical normalization. In order to appraise Foucault's interpretation of the ancient philosophy I will make special references to P. Hadot's criticisms, but also to other contemporary commentators. More than this, I will try to explore the roots of the violent rejection, coming from many notable figures working in the field of academic philosophy, of Hadot's or Foucault's general ideas about philosophy. The heart of the matter is whether to consider philosophy as ultimately being not only a more or less sterile exercise in critical thinking, but a ‘way of life’ and a kind of ‘self-care’ that involves a repertoire of ethical and social practices whose goal is to favor the self-fashioning of individuals and/or a spiritual conversion of a sort. I will suggest that a complete rebuttal of this ancient vision of philosophy could be seen as a perfect illustration of the complex web of power/knowledge relations that structure the philosophical and cultural paradigm dominant nowadays, one that eventually reduces philosophy to nothing more than a kind of ‘scientific’ research.
机译:我的研究目的是讨论这样一个论点:“对于福柯而言,最终,古代哲学可以理解,即使不是完全理解,至少可以理解它的几个基本特征,作为一项庞大的发明,定义,阐述,并练习复杂的“自我照顾”(epimeleia heautou)”(麦古申)。我将尝试对福柯最后几年的课文,课程和访谈中的道德“转变”进行批判性评估,认为哲学实践的理念被视为“关爱自我”是他最终项目的主要主题,这个主题不仅旨在实现我们对伦理学史和主观主义史的理解的重要转变,而且旨在激发适合我们时代的“生存美学”,这是一种被认为是唯一的自我的诗学对生物政治正常化的可能抵抗。为了评估福柯对古代哲学的解释,我将特别提及P. Hadot的批评,同时也提及其他当代评论家。不仅如此,我将尝试探究暴力行为遭到拒绝的根源,来自许多在学术哲学领域工作的著名人物,哈多德或福柯的哲学概论。问题的核心是是否将哲学最终视为不仅是批判性思维中或多或少的不育行为,还是最终涉及道德和社会实践的“生活方式”和“自我保健”其目标是支持个人的自我塑造和/或某种精神上的转变。我建议对这种古老的哲学观进行全面的反驳,可以看作是一种复杂的权力/知识关系网络的完美例证,这种网络构成了当今占主导地位的哲学和文化范式,最终使哲学只不过是一种科学的研究。

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