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Disagreeing in context

机译:在上下文中存在分歧

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This paper argues for contextualism about predicates of personal taste and evaluative predicates in general, and offers a proposal of how apparently resilient disagreements are to be explained. The present proposal is complementary to others that have been made in the recent literature. Several authors, for instance (López de Sa, 2008; Sundell, 2011; Huvenes, 2012; Marques and García-Carpintero, 2014; Marques, 2014a), have recently defended semantic contextualism for those kinds of predicates from the accusation that it faces the problem of lost disagreement. These authors have proposed that a proper account of the resilient disagreement in the cases studied is to be achieved by an appeal to pragmatic processes, and to conflicting non-doxastic attitudes. It is argued here that the existing contextualist solutions are incomplete as they stand, and are subject to objections because of this. A supplementation of contextualism is offered, together with an explanation of why failed presuppositions of commonality (López de Sa), disputes over the appropriateness of a contextually salient standard (Sundell), and differences in non-doxastic attitudes (Sundell, Huvenes, Marques, and García-Carpintero) give rise to conflicts. This paper claims that conflicts of attitudes are the reason why people still have impressions of disagreement in spite of failed commonality presuppositions, that those conflicts drive metalinguistic disputes over the selection of appropriate standards, and hence conflicting non-doxastic attitudes demand an explanation that is independent of those context dependent pragmatic processes. The paper further argues that the missing explanation is 2-fold: first, disagreement prevails where the properties expressed by taste and value predicates are response-dependent properties, and, secondly, it prevails where those response-dependent properties are involved in evolved systems of coordination that respond to evolutionarily recurrent situations.
机译:本文主张就个人品味谓词和评价性谓词进行整体主义,并提出如何解释明显具有弹性的分歧的建议。本建议是对最近文献中提出的其他建议的补充。例如,几位作者(Lópezde Sa,2008; Sundell,2011; Huvenes,2012; Marques andGarcía-Carpintero,2014; Marques,2014a)最近为这类谓词的语义上下文主义辩护,理由是它面对的是失去分歧的问题。这些作者提出,要通过诉诸务实的过程和相互矛盾的非局限性态度,来适当地说明所研究案例中的弹性分歧。这里有人指出,现有的情境主义解决方案就其现状而言是不完整的,因此会遭到反对。提供了语境主义的补充,并解释了为什么失败的通用性预设(Lópezde Sa),对语境显着标准的适当性存在争议(Sundell)以及非过分态度的差异(Sundell,Huvenes,Marques,和García-Carpintero)引发了冲突。本文认为,态度上的冲突是尽管共性预设失败但人们仍会产生分歧印象的原因,这些冲突在选择适当的标准上引发了元语言上的争执,因此,非自相矛盾的态度要求独立的解释。这些依赖于上下文的语用过程。该论文进一步指出,缺少的解释是两方面的:首先,在由味觉和价值谓词表示的特性是响应相关的特性的情况下,普遍存在分歧;其次,在那些响应相关的特性涉及的进化系统中,则普遍存在分歧。应对不断演变的形势的协调。

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