Vrednotenje nekdanje in sedanje proizvodnje nevarnih odpadkov v Ljubljani z vidika obremenjevanja podtalnice // Evaluating former and current production of hazardous waste in Ljubljana from the perspective of threats to groundwater

摘要

Na osrednjem obmo?ju Ljubljane, ki je danes skoraj v celoti vodovarstveno obmo?je pitnih virov, je v osemdesetih letih prej?njega stoletja delovalo vsaj 170 obratov, ki so proizvajali ali skladi??ili okolju nevarne snovi. To so bili predvsem obrati strojne in kovinske dejavnosti (predelava kovin, galvane, lakirnice, izdelava strojev, servisi strojne opreme in vozil), ?ivilske (pivovarne, mlekarne), kemi?ne (proizvodnja zdravil, barv, obrati za kemi?no ?i??enje, proizvodnja in skladi??enje kemikalij) ter ostalih dejavnosti (tekstilna industrija, skladi??enje naftnih derivatov). V raziskavi smo podrobneje raziskali dana?njo rabo prostora na znanih obmo?jih nevarnih dejavnosti iz osemdesetih let prej?njega stoletja. Dolo?ili smo 309 poslovnih enot, katerih sede? je prav na obmo?ju (zemlji?kih parcelah) nekdanjih obratov in so glede na primarno dejavnost potencialni onesna?evalci podtalnice kot vira pitne vode. Ugotavljamo, da so na 76 % obmo?ij (130 od 170) ?e vedno prisotne dejavnosti, ki proizvajajo, skladi??ijo ali prodajajo nevarne snovi. Prevladujejo ve?ja obmo?ja, medtem ko so se manj?a pogosteje preobrazila. Njihovo stopnjo okoljskega tveganja smo dolo?ili predvsem z vidika podtalnice Ljubljanskega polja, ki je glavni vir pitne vode v prestolnici. Z nadaljnjimi terenskimi analizami tal bo treba preveriti ali so obmo?ja dejansko onesna?ena in jih lahko ozna?imo kot kontaminirana obmo?ja.In the central part of Ljubljana, which today is almost entirely a water-protection area for drinking water, there were at least 170 facilities operating in the 1980s that produced or stored environmentally hazardous substances. These were primarily facilities in the mechanical and metal industries (metal processing, galvanizing, paint shops, machine production, servicing machinery and vehicles), the food industry (brewing, dairy), the chemical industry (producing medicines, paints, dry cleaning, producing and storing chemicals), and other industries (textiles, storing petroleum derivatives). The study investigates in detail today’s use of space at known locations of hazardous industries from the 1980s. We defined 309 business units headquartered at sites (land lots) of former companies (170) whose primary activity created the potential for polluting groundwater as a drinking water source. We determined that at 76% of the sites (130 of 170) activities are still present that produce, store, or sell hazardous substances. These are primarily large sites, whereas small sites have often been transformed. Their level of environmental risk was primarily defined with regard to the groundwater of the Ljubljana Basin, which is the capital’s main source of drinking water. It will be necessary to use further field analysis to check whether the sites are actually polluted and whether they can be defined as contaminated sites.