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国际泥沙研究（英文版）

国际泥沙研究（英文版）

International Journal of Sediment Research
《International Journal of Sediment Research (国际泥沙研究)》英文缩写为IJSR，是国际泥沙研究培训中心(IRTCES)主办的英文科技期刊，得到联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)、世界泥沙研究协会（WASER）的支持，国内外公开发行。 本刊(IJSR)的宗旨是为国内外从事河流泥沙与流域治理工作的学者及工程师提供一个交流科技成果和进行学术讨论的园地。除刊登泥沙运动力学和河床演变等内容外，还包括地理学、地貌学、土壤侵蚀、流域产沙、水土保持、泥沙对环境及生态的影响、泥沙所引起的社会和经济问题评估等涉及全流域，从河源到河口的有关泥沙问题。主要刊载来自世界各国的泥沙研究成果。
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  • 发文量：1028
  • 被引量：265
  • H指数：0
  • 开始收录时间：1989(1)
  • CNKI综合因子：0.467
  • 维普期刊影响因子： 0.27
  • 万方期刊影响因子：0.72
  • 创刊时间：1986
  • 国内刊号/CN：11-2699/P
    国际刊号/ISSN：1001-6279
  • 发行周期：季刊
    邮发代号：
  • 主管单位：水利部
    主办单位：国际泥沙研究培训中心
国际泥沙研究（英文版）-联系信息
  • 主编：方红卫
  • 电话：010-68786416
  • 邮箱：sedimentpaper@foxmail.com
  • 地址：北京市海淀区车公庄西路20号
  • 邮编：100038
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  • • 2014-2018连续5年荣获最具国际影响力学术期刊
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国际泥沙研究（英文版） >2022年第2期

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  • 摘要：On the Coral Coast of Viti Levu Island in Fiji,inadequate knowledge of suspended sediment delivery patterns in small pristine coastal watersheds hinders any future assessment of accelerated erosion in disturbed areas nearby.This study adopts a rainfall-stream turbidity monitoring approach in the Votua Creek,which drains a small,steep but minimally-disturbed coastal rainforest catchment.Storm rainfall characteristics,stream depth and water turbidity were continuously monitored over one complete Fiji wet season from October 2009 to April 2010.The aim was to evaluate whether these parameters provide sufficient information to illustrate basic features of storm-sediment transport responses,in the case of limited stream gauging and very simple sediment rating curves.This is important because Pacific Island nations like Fiji do not have the resources to initiate long-term gauging and sediment sampling programmes across numerous small catchments.A significant power function demonstrates that turbidity(T) is a suitable proxy for total suspended solids(ISS) for turbidity measurements above 5 NTU,with TSS=0.930T^(1.111)(r= 0.98,P< 0.001).Over the study period,10 individual storms 11.2-120.1 mm in size produced a 'significant turbidity response'(STR)in the Votua Creek.Rainfall parameters(totals and intensities) showed positive linear relationships(r=0.72-0.94) with stream turbidity parameters(mean,maximum,duration),whilst relationships of similar strength(r=0.76-0.98) were also derived between stream flow depth and turbidity.This implies that for small rainforest watersheds in Fiji,rainfall parameters offer no substantial disadvantage over flow as predictors of stream sediment responses to major storms.Event-based analysis revealed that negative(anticlockwise) hysteresis is a typical flow-turbidity pattern for STR events.Negative hysteresis is produced when secondary episodes of renewed(heavy) rainfall occur after maximum intensity,in the later phase of storm events.Tropical Cyclone Mick in December 2009 generated the largest flood and the greatest turbidity response(T_(max)=1021 NTU,T_(mean)=207 NTU).This concurs with earlier work confirming that tropical cyclones are the most important events for sediment transport in Fiji stream networks.
  • 摘要：As a result of the interaction between hydrodynamics and the effects of gravity,riverbank collapse is a common occurrence in the desert reach of the upper Yellow River(also called as Ningxia-Mongolia Inner reach),of which the riverbank may be divided into three types such as sandy riverbank in the widevalley desert reach,silt-deposition riverbank on the fluvial plain and silt-sandy riverbank.The characteristics of both typical riverbank collapse and the particle size distributions(PSDs) for collapsed riverbanks of sandy,silt-deposition,and silt-sandy types were determined from analysis of data obtained from the field observations.It was found that particles from the silt-deposition riverbank had the smallest median size and those from the sandy riverbank the largest,with those from the silt-sandy riverbank being intermediate in size.The PSDs of the sandy and silt-deposition riverbanks exhibited double-peaked and single-peaked structures,respectively,while those of the silt-sandy riverbank exhibited multiple peaks.Furthermore,the corresponding to three kinds of riverbank collapse mechanisms were revealed,These results are significant with regard both to the understanding of river dynamics and to the planning of river harnessing projects.
  • 摘要：The failure of the Barlin Dam in Taiwan,China offers an important case study for evaluating concepts in modeling the rapid erosion and channel recovery following intentional and unplanned dam removals.We present a modeling effort that applied a 1D and quasi-2D uncoupled hydraulics and sediment model(NETSTARS) to evaluate how discretization and parameterization influence thefitofbed elevationpredictions to observations following dam failure.Our analysis evaluated the model sensitivity to sediment transport function,active layer thickness,and number of stream tubes used to define the cross-section.Results indicate that a) the model is more sensitive to active layer thickness and sediment transport function than to the number of stream tubes,b) development of dam removal models are likely to benefit from varying the active layer thickness in time,and c) increased lateral discretization does not appear to improve model fit in the steep and rapidly changing river environment at our site.We conclude with discussion on differences between,identifying the need for,and general use of 1D,quasi-2D,and fully 2D models in dam removal and failure analysis.
  • 摘要：Biological soil crusts serve as a vanguard for improving the ecological environment in arid,semi-arid desertification areas.It is a good indicator of the level of improvement which the local ecological environment is undertaking.In desert areas,water condition is a key factor of improving the ecological environment.As a first layer protection,biological crusts play an important role in local vegetation succession due to their abilities to conserve and maintain moisture.Using Maowusu desert in Yanchi of Ningxia province as an example,after three years of research,this paper chooses three kinds of biological crusts including lichen,moss and cyanobacterial which are under the cover of Artemisia ordosica as research objects.The results of this study indicate that,the closer biological crusts are to Artemisia ordosica vegetation,the thicker they become.In the same position of Artemisia ordosica vegetation,the thickness of moss crusts is the highest,followed by lichen crusts,and the thickness of cyanobacterial crusts is the lowest.Biological soil crusts coverage protects the natural water content of soil layers from0 to 5 cm.Also,it effects falling water to infiltrate deeper,and cannot prevent the surface water content from evaporating effectively.The effect of biological crusts blocking water infiltration decreases with the increase of rainfall.At the same rainfall level,moss crusts provide the strongest water infiltration blockage,followed by lichen crusts and cyanobacterial crusts.With the increase of rainfall,the depth of water infiltration increases.At the same rainfall level,the relationship of water infiltration depth is as follows:cyanobacterial crusts > lichen crusts > moss crusts.With the increase of biological crusts thickness,they blocking water infiltration capacity is stronger,and the depth of water infiltration is smaller.Analysis on the characteristic of simulated rainfall process on biological crusts shows that sandy land can be fixed by applying appropriate artificial biological crusts to build a sustainable forest protection system and to create a stable ecosystem in desertification area.
  • 摘要：Transport of contaminants in Miami River(Florida,USA) sediments with river currents is a concern due to their potential impact in areas that are away from the potential sources.Accumulation profiles of five metals(As,Cd,Hg,Zn,Pb) in the surficial sediments of the Miami River were evaluated in relation to grain size(from less than 0.075 mm to 6.3 mm) and organic content.Surficial sediment samples were collected along the river basin as well as in bay waters.Fine sediments(< 0.106 mm) contained more than 10 times the levels of Cd and Hg and more than 6 times the levels of arsenic in comparison to the sediments that are larger than 0.850 mm.Zn and Pb levels were more than 10 times in the fine sediments(< 0.106 mm) in comparison to those that were larger than 4.750 mm.Cd,Hg,and Zn levels had significant correlation with the total organic carbon content of the sediments.This indicates that Cd,Hg,and Zn in fine sediments have the potential to be metabolized in addition to potential to be mobilized with river currents.Analysis of the Gibbs settling velocities of particles showed that particles smaller than0.5 mm can be transported with the river currents.The levels of heavy metal in fine sediments(< 0.425 mm) along the river bed showed that fine particles had tendency to be mobilized and accumulate at locations where the rivers currents are low and carried out to the bay.
  • 摘要：The resuspension and transportation of sediments affect the nutrient or contaminants cycles in water column.Therefore,hurricane-induced sediment resuspension in coastal waters may cause environment impacts on coastal ecosystems.In this study,field observed data during a hurricane event from the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve(Rookery Bay NERR),Florida,were studied.Based on the relationship between sediment and turbidity,variations of turbidity in the Rookery Bay NERR were discussed in this paper under the impact of the Hurricane Isaac in 2012.Time series analysis indicates that Hurricane Isaac causes the substantial increase of turbidity.Traditional direct regression analysis with raw data was found to result in poor correlation(R^2 0.6) between wind speed and turbidity.Further improvement was made by introducing a phase factor to account for the lag time between the peak turbidity and peak wind speed,which lead to further improvement of the regression equation between wind speed and turbidity.By using Hanning Filter and phase factor,the regression equation between turbidity and wind speed fits well with observations(R2 > 0.96).Different lag time between wind speed and turbidity at different locations illustrated that wind had different effects on turbidity due to the locations and water depth.Based on the approximate empirical relationship between turbidity and sediment concentration,a regression equation between wind speed and sediment concentration was derived approximately.The equation could be applied to approximately estimate the sediment concentration using wind speed during hurricane,especially with the strong wind speed above 4 m/s.It can be used to provide technical supports for sediment assessment and coastal zone research under extreme clime in the study region.
  • 摘要：The shape of a sediment particle can reveal part of the particle's transportation history and is a significant variable in sediment transport mechanics.Measuring sediment shapes is a difficult and time-consuming task.A whole sample sediment particle shape quantitative analysis method(WSQAM) was applied in this research for sediment statistical analysis.The shape parameter was found using sphericity and roundness descriptors:three samples were collected from the middle reach of the Yellow River at different depths.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to obtain sediment particles images.The sphericity and roundness descriptors were represented by the particle aspect ratio(AR) and the Fourier shape coefficient(FSC).The Fourier series approximation matched the particle outlines.From the statistical results of the whole sediment particle sample,as counted by WSQAM based on digital image processing,fine sediment particles with smooth surfaces accounted for approximately 80%of all of the observed sediment particles.For the majority of sediment particles,AR was greater than 0.3 and FSC was less than 0.1.When AR was greater than 0.5,FSC exponentially decayed with AR.When AR was less than 0.5,the two parameters,AR and FSC,should be combined to describe the sediment particle shape.The combined use of these two parameters can provide a reference for future sediment-related calculations.The sediment particle shape analysis model,programmed in Fortran,was rapid and flexible.It proved efficient to use WSQAM for sediment statistical analysis,and the results were found to be accurate.
  • 摘要：Functional no-flow is a topic of considerable interest in the research and management of the Yellow River.The operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir has been a source of concern regarding hydraulic characteristics and hydro-environmental responses.However,the impacts of the reservoir on functional no-flow events have not been reported to date.Using a complete set of daily hydrological data from four key hydrological stations for the past six decades and at three different temporal scales(year,wet season and dry season),the differences in incoming water and functional no-flow events have been compared before and after the Xiaolangdi Reservoir began operation,using two sets of critical runoff values that were summarized from previous studies.The results indicate that the frequency of functional no-flow events has decreased since the Xiaolangdi Reservoir began to operate,based on critical runoff or discharge values defined by long term hydrological records,and the frequency decreased more when the critical values defining the new situation were used.However,functional no-flow events still occurred in the Lower Yellow River,especially in the lower reach during the wet season.The degree of severity of the functional no-flow events and the magnitude and variation of daily discharge are strongly linearly related before and after the reservoir began operation,regardless of which set of critical values were used to identify the functional no-flow events.
  • 摘要：Studies regarding the influence of emergent vegetation on sediment transport are scarce and have mainly focused on flume conditions.To fill this gap and also meet the international need,we aimed to evaluate the influence of emergent vegetation(Echinodorus macrophyllus) on sediment transport of Capibaribe River,Brazil.Bedload and suspended sediment measurements were carried out using the US BLH 84 and US DH 48 samplers,respectively.Measurements of stem diameter,stem spacing and plant density were performed in conjunction with flow and sediment field measurements.Based on our results,0.45 m s^(-1) was the threshold of mean flow velocity supported by E.macrophyllus under field conditions.This value can be helpful for other rivers with gravel-bed river to armoured layer ratio(AR=D_(50-surface))/D_(50-subsurface)=12.50)-natural conditions observed in Capibaribe River-or where the vegetation can provide positive effects,such as increase the bed stability,assist water restoration/rehabilitation and decrease water turbidity.Our results can hopefully be used in engineering practice and ecosystem management.In general,both the drag coefficient and drag force varied inversely and directly with the mean flow velocity and vegetation density,respectively.The vegetation resistance force was inversely proportional to the bedload transport owing to the resistance caused by emergent vegetation.This finding was supported by the clear decoupling between nonvegetated and emergent vegetated conditions indicated by cluster analysis.The study results provided a reasonable understanding of the interaction between emergent vegetation,water flow and sediment transport in the Capibaribe River.
  • 摘要：A wide range of methods are commonly used to measure deposited fine sediment and quantify substrate quality in rivers as part of bioassessment or monitoring programmes.In this laboratory-based experiment known amounts of three sediment types(sand,topsoil,peat) were added to mesocosms and four methods of measuring deposited fine sediment;turbidity,estimation of released sediment,Turner-Hillis deposited sediment sampler(DSS) and visual estimation of%surface cover were evaluated.The objective of the study was to evaluate which of these methods for estimating deposited sediment best discriminates between levels of deposited fine sediment added and assesses the effects of inter-observer variability between%surface cover estimations.While turbidity measurement and the resuspension method were strongly related to levels of added sediment,it proved difficult using the two methods to resolve differences between adjacent levels of added sediment e.g.50 g and 100 g.Surface cover estimations were also strongly related to added sediment levels and were better able to distinguish between adjacent levels of added sediment.Furthermore,we found no significant differences between the%surface cover estimations between observers.Results from this laboratory experiment strongly endorse the use of visual estimation of surface cover in field studies.Further work evaluating the turbidity and resuspension methods under field conditions would also be beneficial.
  • 摘要：Twenty runs of experiments are carried out to investigate non-equilibrium transport of graded and uniform bed load sediment in a degrading channel.Well-sorted gravel and sand are employed to compose four kinds of sediment beds with different gravel/sand contents,i.e.,uniform 100%gravel bed,uniform 100%sand bed,and two graded sediment beds respectively with 53%gravel and 47%sand as well as 22%gravel and 78%sand.For different sediment beds,the experiments are conducted under the same discharges,thereby allowing for the role of sediment composition in dictating the bed load transport rate to be identified.A new observed dataset is generated concerning the flow,sediment transport and evolution of bed elevation and composition,which can be exploited to underpin developments of mathematical river models.The data shows that in a degrading channel,the sand greatly promotes the transport of gravel,whilst the gravel considerably hinders the transport of sand.The promoting and hindering effects are evaluated by means of impact factors defined based on sediment transport rates.The impact factors are shown to vary with flow discharge by orders of magnitude,being most pronounced at the lowest discharge.It is characterized that variations in sand or gravel inputs as a result of human activities and climate change may lead to severe morphological changes in degrading channels.
  • 摘要：Identification of areas contributing disproportionately high amount of pollutants(i.e.,critical source areas(CSAs)) to streams is important to efficiently and effectively target best management practices(BMPs).Process-based models are commonly used to identify CSAs and evaluate the impact of alternative management practices on pollutant load reductions.The objective of this study was to use the Soil and Watershed Assessment Tool(SWAT) to identify CSAs at the subwatershed level and evaluate the impact of alternative BMPs on sediment and total phosphorus(TP) load reductions in the Pleasant Valley watershed(50 km^2) in South Central Wisconsin(USA).The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency,percent bias,and coefficient of determination ranged from 0.58 to 0.71,-12.87 to 38.33,and 0.67 to 0.79,respectively,indicating that SWAT was able to predict stream flow,sediment and TP loadings at a monthly time-step with sufficient accuracy.Based on the SWAT simulation results,annual average(2006-2012) subwatershed yield for sediment and TP ranged from 0.06 to 3.14 tons ha^(-1) yr^(-1) and 0.04 to1.9 kg ha^(-1) yr^(-1),respectively.The croplands were the major source ofsediment and TP in this watershed(> 84%).Reduction in sediment and TP loading ranged from 66%to 99%at the subwatershed level after conversion of croplands to Conservation Reserve Program(CRP) grasslands in subwatersheds identified as CSAs.On the other hand,reduction in sediment and TP loading with implementation of no-till practices ranged from only 14%to 25%.At the watershed outlet,sediment and TP loading reduction was< 15%after conversion of croplands to CRP grasslands and implementation of no-till practices because only about 8%of the watershed area was targeted for BMPs and/or resuspension of sediment deposited on the stream bed masked the downstream improvements in water quality.
  • 摘要：The determination of sediment yield in catchments based on the sediment trapped by check dams is becoming a subject of interest.In fact,several methods have been developed in recent years to estimate the sediment retained by check dams.The complexity,precision and accuracy of each method vary greatly.In this study,we evaluate the sediment trapped by check dams comparing the Sections method respect to the Prism,Pyramid,DTMs and Trapezoid methods.We analyzed a sample of 25 check dams(α-1=90%;ε=10%) in the Saldana badlands(Spain).The results showed that the Sections method offered a volume of retained sediment between the others,which gave an absolute variation from 22%to40%.The high variability of the check dam and sediment wedge sizes made necessary to compare methods in groups combining both characteristics.No significant differences in sediment volumes could be found between the methods for very small(height(h):1.8-2.3 m;trapped volume(V):6-102 m^3) or large check dams(h > 2.3 m;V:165-387 m^3),while significant differences are found for small(h < 1.5 m;V:1-229 m^3) or middle-sized check dams(h:2.2-3.2 m;V:65-235 m3).Nevertheless,volume differences between groups ranged up to + 25%.For these reason,the size of the check dam,the shape of the sediment wedge and the accuracy of the measure methods must considered when selecting an appropriate method to obtain the volume of retained sediment by check dams.A correct estimation of the sediment retention is needed to evaluate the role and efficiency of check dams in restoration projects or to estimate sediment yields.
  • 摘要：Sediment yield is a complex function of many environmental factors including climate,hydrology,vegetation,basin topography,soil types,and land cover.We present a new semi-physical watershed sediment yield model for the estimation of suspended sediment in loess region.This model is composed by three modules in slope,gully,and stream phases.For slope sediment yield,a balance equation is established based on the concept of hydraulic erosion capacity and soil erosion resistance capacity.According to the statistical analysis of watershed characteristics,we use an exponential curve to approximately describe the spatial variability of watershed soil erosion resistance capacity.In gully phase,the relationship between gully sediment concentration and flow velocity is established based on the Bagnold' stream power function.In the stream phase,we assume a linear dependence of the sediment volume in the reach on the weighted sediment input and output.The proposed sediment yield model is operated in conjunction with a conceptual hydrologic model,and is tested over 16 regions including testing grounds,and small,medium and large watersheds in the loess plateau region in the mid-reach of Yellow River.Our results indicate that the model is reasonable in structure and is able to provide a good simulation of sediment generation and transportation processes at both flood event scale and inter-annual time scale.The proposed model is generally applicable to the watersheds with soil texture similar to that of the loess plateau region in the Yellow River basin in China.
  • 摘要：The flow-sediment interaction plays a considerable role on the vertical(internal) profiles of current,salinity and suspended sediment concentration(SSC) within a turbidity maximum zone(TMZ).Numerical modeling provides valuable insights into the complex estuarine physical processes.By combining numerical modeling with field observations,the influencing factors of fine sediment dynamics within the TMZ of Yangtze Estuary have been explored in this study.Firstly,during the neap tide,the measured data present that the current is too weak to break the density stratification,and the vertical flow structure is effectively altered.Secondly,a three-dimensional numerical model based on the Delft3 D has been developed and a range of numerical sensitivity analyses were carried out to distinguish the dominant mechanisms and physical processes responsible for the phenomena observed from the measurement data.The numerical investigation highlights the following findings.(1) The vertical profile of currents within the TMZ is largely affected by saltwater intrusion,especially during lower currents when the baroclinic pressure gradient can significantly reshape the local vertical profiles of velocity.(2) The baroclinic effects are primarily determined by the stratification of salinity.(3) In addition to salinity,SSC also influences the local density stratification when its contribution to fluid density is comparable to that of salinity.(4) The settling velocity determines the overall sediment distribution and vertical profiles of the SSC in the water column.The SSC-dependent settling velocity(including the flocculation-induced acceleration and hindered settling deceleration phases) affects the longitudinal movement of the sediments.(5) The vertical profiles of current,salinity and SSC within the TMZ are highly associated with the turbulence determined by the model.The approach to modulate the vertical eddy viscosity in the model,based on the empirical dependency between Ri_g and Pr_t,may lead to a numerical instability in the stratified flow.In order to improve the stratification of SSC,additional turbulence damping effect is suggested to be implemented in the model.
  • 摘要：The evolution of the Yellow River delta is characterized by heavy sediment load,rapid seaward migration,frequent avulsions,and intense anthropogenic disturbances.Evolution of the delta channel following avulsions is very complex and has not yet been thoroughly understood.In the research presented by this paper,we conducted comprehensive analyses of the changes in the water stages,slopes,longitudinal profiles,and the erosion and deposition in the Yellow River delta channels during a time period of over five decades.Results showed that,following each avulsion,channels migrated seaward at decaying rates and the slopes at the downstream of the avulsion point decreased exponentially with time and completed its major adjustment within about four to five years.A generalized geometric model was proposed to describe the changes in the longitudinal profiles of the delta channels.A calculation method to determine the characteristic water stages at the delta was proposed based on the geometric model and the delayed response model for the morphological responses of fluvial rivers to perturbations.Water stages corresponding to a discharge of 3000 m^3/s at Lijin and Xihekou during 1954 through 2012 were calculated by using the proposed method.The proposed method may be used to predict the evolution of the delta channels in response to artificial avulsions at the Yellow River delta in the future.
  • 摘要：In this study the effects of the different rough porous beds in an open inclined channel are studied experimentally for impermeable and permeable porous bed.For the simulation of porous bed two different types of permeable bed with the same thickness(s' = 3 cm) and the same porosity ε=0.70 are used:(a) porous filters and(b) gravel bed.Laboratory experiments were used for the calculation of turbulent velocity profiles.Measurements of velocity were taken for inclined channel for three different slopes(S=-0.002,S=-0.004 and S=-0.006) and for five different flow depths(h=5 cm,7 cm,9 cm,11 cm and 13 cm).The total discharge Q varies from 0.78 to 1.31 1/s.The measurements were obtained using a two-dimensional(2D) Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV).The total discharge was estimated using a calibrated venture apparatus.Results showed that the presence of rough porous bed in inclined open channels influence significantly the turbulent characteristics of the flow in comparison with impermeable open channels with the same slopes.
  • 摘要：Saltation of sediment particles is an important pattern of bedload transport.Based on force analysis for sediment particles,a Lagrangian model was proposed for the saltating motion of bedload in river flows,which was then solved with numerical method.Simulation results on the saltating trajectories neglecting particle rotation and turbulence effects compare fairly well with experimental observations.The mean values of the saltation parameters(saltation height,length and velocity) also agree well with the previous experimental data.Based on the numerical results,regression equations for the dimensionless saltation height,length and velocity were presented.Using the numerically achieved characteristics of the sediment saltation,we also obtained mathematical expression for the sediment transport rate.The studies in this paper are significant for its contribution to mechanism of the bedload motion and the computation of sediment transport rate.
  • 摘要：The southern half of the Russian Plain is characterized by a relatively short history of intensively ploughed lands.The duration varies from approximately three centuries in the southern part of the forest zone to less than one century in some parts of the steppe zone.It was found that after cultivation,on more than 40%of lands in river basins the drainage valley density(D_(dv)) decreased by 15-58%in all landscape zones.In the first stage,the D_(dv) decrease was mostly associated with increasing surface runoff coefficient after cultivation of virgin lands with proportional decreases in groundwater runoff.In the second stage,usually after reaching areas of arable lands in river basins > 60%,the volume of eroded sediments entering small river channels exceeded the transport capacities of the permanent watercourses.As a result,the river channels completely silted.In later stages,the sediment redistribution cascade within the small river basins of the Russian Plain stabilized because of the increasing proportion of sediment eroded from the basin areas and re-deposited before entering the river channels because of the increasing area of sediment sinks due to the increase in dry valley lengths and total areas.The morphological parameters of small valleys and groundwater discharges are the key parameters that affect the intensity of small river aggradation on the regional scale.
  • 摘要：A series of experiments were conducted in a flume to study bed-load transport.The motion of bed-load particles was captured by a series of images taken by a high-speed camera.A novelparticle motion tracking method was developed to automatically detect all the moving particles and calculate the instantaneous particle velocities.The instantaneous bed load transport rate was calculated based on particle velocity and the volume of moving particles.To verify this method,bed load transport rate based on the image processing technique was compared to the manually measured ones as well as data from other experiments.Results showed that the new technique made it possible to quantify the spatial and temporal variations of bed load transport rate at the individual particle scale.
  • 摘要：This work investigates the adsorption of Cu ions in sediments by conducting batch experiments,including isothermal experiments and adsorption kinetics experiments.Data from isothermal experiments were analyzed using the Langmuir,Freundlich and Temkin models,and the experimental kinetic data were fit using pseudo-first-order,pseudo-second-order,Elovich,liquid film diffusion and intra-particle diffusion models.The Langmuir model resulted in the best fit for the equilibrium data,which indicated that the adsorption capacity of Cu ions on the sediment was1.0403 mgg^(-1) with a K_L value of 4.2877 L mg^(-1) The Freundlich and Temkin models also provided good fits,and the n_F and A values were 3.8565 and 66.9964 L mg^(-1),respectively,indicating stronger adsorption intensities and adsorption energies between the Cu ions and the sediment.Compared with the pseudo-first-order and Elovich models,the pseudo-second-order model was more appropriate for describing the adsorption kinetics,indicating the chemisorption nature of adsorption.The adsorption kinetic process can be divided into film diffusion,pore diffusion and adsorption reactions.The controlling step for the adsorption kinetics changed with the development of the adsorption process.The entire adsorption process took 180 min.Film diffusion was the controlling step for the first 20 min.During the 20 to 60 min period,the pore diffusion gradually increased and the film diffusion decreased so that both phenomena coexisted.Pore diffusion was the controlling step during the 60-180 min period.
  • 摘要：In this study,accumulation and distribution of Pb,Cu,Zn,Co,Ni,Mn and Fe in water,bottom sediments and four plant species(Myriophyllum verticillatum,Hydrocharis morsus-ranae,Nymphaea alba and Typha latifolia) were investigated in Cernek Lake of Kizilirmak Delta.The Kizilirmak Delta is one of the largest natural wetlands of Turkey and it is protected by the Ramsar convention since 1993.Selected physico-chemical parameters such as pH,conductivity and dissolved oxygen and also trace metal concentrations were monitored in water.All the parameters obtained were found higher than that of the national standards for the protected lakes and reserves.The accumulated amounts of various trace metals in bottom sediments and wetland plants were found in the following order of Fe>Mn>Zn>Ni>Co>Cu>Pb and Fe>Mn>Zn>Ni>Co respectively.The historical trace metal intake of Myriophyllum verticillatum,Hydrocharis morsus-ranae,Typha latifolia and Nymphaea alba were obtained higher than that of the toxic metal levels and these plants may be accepted as accumulators for the detected trace metals and also bioindicators in the historically polluted natural areas.
  • 摘要：In the present study,vortices were generated in open channel flow with a cross-flow cylinder installed horizontally near the bed.Sediment pickup rates were then measured over the channel bed downstream the cylinder using a sediment lift.The experimental data show that the pickup rate increases exponentially in the presence of vortices.Two different relationships can be clearly observed between the pickup rate and the maximum root-mean-square(rms) value of the streamwise velocity fluctuation,one for the cylinder-obstructed flow and the other for the unobstructed flow.The results imply that the vortex-induced sediment pickup cannot be explained based on the traditional boundary layer theory.
  • 摘要：Existing numerical investigations of dam-break flows rarely consider the effects of vegetation.This paper presents a depth-averaged two-dimensional model for dam-break flows over mobile and vegetated beds.In the model,both the consequences of reducing space for storing mass and momentum by the existence of vegetation and dragging the flow are considered:the former is considered by introducing a factor(1-c) to the flow depth,where c is the vegetation density;the later is considered by including an additional sink term in the momentum equations.The new governing equations are discretized by the finite volume method;and an existing second-order central-upwind scheme embedded with the hydrostatic reconstruction method for water depth,is used to estimate the fluxes;the source terms are estimated by either explicit or semi-explicit methods fulfilling the stability requirement.Laboratory experiments of dam-break flows or quasi-steady flows with/without vegetation effects/sediment transport are simulated.The good agreements between the measurements and the numerical simulations demonstrate a satisfactory performance of the model in reproducing the flow depth,velocity and bed deformation depth.Numerical case studies of six scenarios of dam-break flows over a mobile and vegetated bed are conducted.It is shown that when the area of the vegetation zone,the vegetation density,and the pattern of the vegetation distribution are varied,the resulted bed morphological change differs greatly,suggesting a great influence of vegetation on the dam-break flow evolution.Specifically,the vegetation may divert the direction of the main flow,hindering the flow and thus result in increased deposition upstream of the vegetation.
  • 摘要：The effects of basin hydrology on hydraulic geometry of channels variability for incised streams were investigated using available field data sets and models of watershed hydrology and channel hydraulics for the Yazoo River basin,USA.The study presents the hydraulic geometry relations of bankfull discharge,channel width,mean depth,cross-sectional area,longitudinal slope,unit stream power,and mean velocity at bankfull discharge as a function of drainage area using simple linear regression.The hydraulic geometry relations were developed for 61 streams,20 of them are classified as channel evolution model(CEM) Types Ⅳ and Ⅴ and 41 of them are CEM streams Types Ⅱ and Ⅲ.These relationships are invaluable to hydraulic and water resources engineers,hydrologists,and geomorphologists involved in stream restoration and protection.These relations can be used to assist in field identification of bankfull stage and stream dimension in un-gauged watersheds as well as estimation of the comparative stability of a stream channel.A set of hydraulic geometry relations are presented in this study,these empirical relations describe physical correlations for stable and incised channels.Cross-sectional area,which combines the effects of channel width and mean channel depth,was found to be highly responsive to changes in drainage area and bankfull discharge.Analyses of cross-sectional area,channel width,mean channel depth,and mean velocity in conjunction with changes in drainage area and bankfull discharge indicated that the channel width is much more responsive to changes in both drainage area and bankfull discharge than are mean channel depth or mean velocity.
  • 摘要：The storage capacity of reservoirs is gradually reduced due to sediment accumulation that causes changes in the area-storage capacity(ASC) curves.Establishing these curves and predicting their future change is an important issue for planners,designers and operators of dams.Many empirical and semiempirical approaches have been suggested for establishing and predicting the future changes for these curves.In this study four empirical and semi-empirical methods were evaluated and three of them were modified to be used for the prediction of changes in the ASC curves due to sedimentation,based on the existing sedimentation survey data for 11 reservoirs in the USA.For evaluation,these approaches were reviewed and used to determine sedimentation depth and establishing the ASC curves for the Mosul dam reservoir(MDR),which is the biggest hydraulic structure on the River Tigris in northern Iraq.MDR started operating in 1986 with a storage capacity of 11.11 km^3 and a water surface area 380 km2 at normal operation stage(330 m a.s.l.).The results obtained from these methods were evaluated using observed bathymetric survey data that had been collected in 2011 after 25 years of the operation of the dam.The evaluation results showed three methods had presented more accurate results for estimating water depth or sedimentation depth at dam site with percentage error about 1.06-3.30%.Whilst for establishing ASC curves,one method presented good agreement result with survey data.Furthermore,ASC and sedimentation depths at dam site of MDR for periods 50,75,100 and 125 years were estimated using the modified approaches and the area reduction method.The results of the modified methods provided reasonable agreement when compared with the area reduction method proposed by the U.S.Bureau of Reclamation and the agreement became better with an increase in time period.
  • 摘要：Title Page1.Title Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns should be capitalized.For example,'Phosphorus forms and distribution in the Zhejiang coastal sediment in the East China Sea'.2.Author names and affiliations Use full names,but not initials,for all the authors'names.The author's given name should be written before surname,and only
  • 摘要：A generalized probabilistic model is developed in this study to predict sediment entrainment under the incipient motion,rolling,and pickup modes.A novelty of the proposed model is that it incorporates in its formulation the probability density function of the bed shear stress,instead of the near-bed velocity fluctuations,to account for the effects of both flow turbulence and bed surface irregularity on sediment entrainment.The proposed model incorporates in its formulation the collective effects of three parameters describing bed surface irregularity,namely the relative roughness,the volumetric fraction and relative position of sediment particles within the active layer.Another key feature of the model is that it provides a criterion for estimating the lift and drag coefficients jointly based on the recognition that lift and drag forces acting on sediment particles are interdependent and vary with particle protrusion and packing density.The model was validated using laboratory data of both fine and coarse sediment and was compared with previously published models.The study results show that all the examined models perform adequately for the fine sediment data,where the sediment particles have more uniform gradation and relative roughness is not a factor.The proposed model was particularly suited for the coarse sediment data,where the increased bed irregularity was captured by the new parameters introduced in the model formulation.As a result,the proposed model yielded smaller prediction errors and physically acceptable values for the lift coefficient compared to the other models in case of the coarse sediment data.
  • 摘要：In the investigation of sediment transport,it is necessary to differentiate various definitions of angle of repose(AoR) available in the literature.The static AoR,composed of upper and lower angle of slope,forms just before and after slope instability,while the dynamic AoR can be observed when sediment grains are moving continuously down an inclined plane.In the present study,a series of laboratory experiments was conducted to measure static and dynamic angle of repose for uniform natural sediments with median diameter of 0.28-4.38 mm.The results show that the different slope angles have different characteristics.The upper and dynamic AoR increase slightly with increasing grain diameter,while the lower AoR is not sensitive to changes in sediment size and may assume a constant value.The average of the upper and lower AoR is equivalent to the dynamic AoR,and the difference between them increases with increasing grain diameter.The present study suggests that the different angles of repose should be treated with caution when applying in investigations of bedload transport,dune migration and local scour development.

    国际泥沙研究（英文版）的期刊信息

    • 曾用名：泥沙研究(英文版);国际泥沙研究(英文版)
    • 创刊时间：1986
    • 地区：CHINA MAINLAND
    • 语言：中文
    • 热门主题：国际泥沙研究培训中心;中国水利水电科学研究院;清华大学
    • 学科分类：

      2

      ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES:Q2;WATER RESOURCES:Q2;

      Earth and Planetary Sciences:Geology;Stratigraphy;

    国际泥沙研究（英文版）的获奖情况

    • • 卓越计划期刊
    • • 2014-2018连续5年荣获最具国际影响力学术期刊

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    • • 农业与生物科学研究中心文摘
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