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矿业工程研究

矿业工程研究

Mineral Engineering Research
《矿业工程研究》是由湖南省教育厅主管、湖南科技大学主办的矿业类学术期刊由湖南科技大学期刊社出版，国内外公开发行。刊物的办刊宗旨是：促进学术交流，培养创新人才，加快成果转化，推动我国矿业工程技术的发展。主要刊发采矿科学与工程、矿山安全与灾害防治、矿山地质与勘探、矿物加工与利用、矿山机械与电气、矿山自动化与信息化、矿区环境保护与职业健康、矿山经济与企业管理等矿业工程及其相关学科学术论文。
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  • 国内刊号/CN：43-1493/TD
    国际刊号/ISSN：1674-5876
  • 发行周期：季刊
    邮发代号：42-359
  • 主管单位：湖南省教育厅
    主办单位：湖南科技大学
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  • 电话：0731-58290151
  • 邮箱：kygc@hnust.edu.cn
  • 地址：湖南省湘潭市湖南科技大学期刊社
  • 邮编：411201
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矿业工程研究 >2023年第3期

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  • 摘要：A large tin mine in China has reached a deep stage, in order not to affect the production schedule, it is decided to open up the original extension of the main ramp. Based on the practical engineering geological condition, this paper makes researches on the use of smooth blasting to excavate the main tunnel quickly. It also describes in detail the choice of specific parameters of smooth blasting and method of calculation, tunneling ventilation, roadway timbering, blasting slag, construction management technology. The actual on - side blasting results show this method has a good effect ： rock surface is smooth after blasting, achieving the desired results. Every stage of the construction is smooth and reaches a high level of management.%国内某大型锡矿山现开采阶段已到达较深部矿体，为不影响生产进度，决定将原有的开拓主斜坡道延伸．根据矿山实际工程地质条件，研究采用光面爆破快速掘进技术开拓该主斜坡道．详细介绍了光面爆破具体参数的选择及其计算方法、巷道掘进通风方法、巷道支护方法、爆破出碴及组织管理技术．现场实际的爆破效果证明该方法效果良好，爆破后岩面平整，达到了预期的效果．施工组织各个阶段衔接顺利紧凑，具有较高的施工、管理水平．
  • 摘要：3D geological modeling of surface coal mine is a core component of Digital Mine. The establishment of 3D geological model provides decisions for the estimation and design of Open Pit Coal Mine, and the models have an important guiding significance during the mine＇ s production and provide more important information for the designers. This paper, by taking specific surface coal mine for example, introduces the technique of 3D geological modeling of surface coal mine based on AutoCAD, builds 3D 3D geological model, displays the 3D geological updates 3D geological model, simulation mining, geological modeling of the mine, applies it in engineering, establishes model in any direction, builds the drilling database, modifies and and so on. The establishment of 3D geological model enables mining engineers in a real three - dimensional environment and in the approach of ＂human - computer interaction＂, so as to realize the mining design and mining plan, and so on.%露天煤矿三维地质模型的建立是矿山数字化的核心组成部分．三维地质模型的建立，对矿山的经济评价、采矿设计和生产管理都具有重要的指导意义．以具体露天煤矿为例，介绍了基于AutoCAD的三维地质建模技术，建立了该矿的三维地质模型并将其应用于工程实际，实现了该矿的三维地质模型建立和可视化显示，以及钻孔数据库的建立、模型的修改与实时动态更新、模拟开采等功能，使矿山工程技术人员在一个真三维环境中，利用三维可视化模拟开采技术，以“人机交互”的方式进行露天矿开采设计、生产计划编制等．
  • 摘要：为弱化采面瓦斯涌出量数据序列随机波动性，依据灰色模型构建理论，尝试引入不同的平滑变换函数来建立预测模型并综合对比分析．实证表明：引入实用缓冲算子的GM（1，1）模型预测拟合度和精确度更高，数据可信度更好，可为煤矿企业安全决策提供一定的理论依据．%In order to weaken stochastic volatility of mining faces gas emission amount data sequence, different smooth transformation function is attempted to create prediction model and comprehensive analysis based on grey model construction theory. Project results show that： the improved GM（ 1,1 ） model after introducing buffer operator has higher forecast accuracy, higher goodness -of- fit and better prediction data credibility. It can provide some theoretical basis for the coal mining enterprises safety decision.
  • 摘要：采用束管监测方法，在采空区后溜子处布置探测点，测定指标气体，详细分析了大佛寺40106工作面采空区O2和CO的实际分布情况，指出了采用O2和CO浓度综合划定采空区“三带”的方法，并基于此提出了采用MIN—MAX优化的方式对采空区“三带”进行了划分，并推导计算出了工作面的极限推进速度，有效指导了大佛寺煤矿40106工作面的防灭火工作．%In this paper, index gases is tested through setting probe points along the back chute in the goaf with the method of monitoring of tube of flux. Through detailed anglicizing of 40106 working face, this paper proposes to use the method of concentration of CO and 02 to divide three zones. Based on this theory, this paper suggests using the method of MIN - MAX to divide spontaneous combustion zone, and elicit and calculate the speed limit of face, which guides the fire control working of 40106 faces effectively.
  • 摘要：As the experimental unit, Henan Provincial CoMbed Methane Development and Utilization Co. , Ltd. is a comprehensive enterprise, which has coal resource development, coalbed methane development and utilization,machinery and equipment manufacturing, transportation and sale business of coal＇ s logistics and distribution, this paper suggests the idea of applying modem proactive information technology into safety supervision of coal mines and energy management enterprises. Under the policies＇ constraints, it can form an integrated supervision system, i.e. active input from the grass - roots units, active supervision of safety supervision headquarters, and hierarchical - structured management of supervision supervision and monitoring. high quality. information. Furthermore, it also In this way, it realizes the enterprises develops the automation software ＇ safety supervision and control in system of safety high efficiency and%以具有煤炭资源开发、煤层气开发利用、机械装备制造、煤炭物流运销等多种业务的综合型企业（河南省煤层气开发利用有限公司）为实验单位，提出了将主动型现代信息化技术应用于煤矿和能源管理企业安全监察工作中的理念，在政策的约束下形成基层单位主动输入、总部安全监察局主动监察、监察信息层次化管理的一体化监管体系，开发了安全监察和监测监控自动化软件系统，从而实现了高效率、高质量的企业安全监察和控管．
  • 摘要：当多隧道并行且属于超小净距隧道群时，如何控制掌子面距离成为保证施工安全同时不耽误工期的一项内容．研究结果表明，掌子面之间距离越大，各隧道特别是处于最后施工并位于中间位置的二号隧道位移、应力逐渐减小，但当掌子面距离增大至一定程度时，变化就很小．综合分析，掌子面距离控制在2倍洞径较为合理．%When we face the three tunnels or more than three tunnels with small interval tunnel, how to control the distance of the tunnel face becomes a content to ensure the safety of construction and time. Research results show ： as the distances of the tunnel face increase, the displacement and the stress of the tunnel reduce especially in tunnel number 2 which constructs in the middle place later than other tunnels, but when the distance of the tunnel face increases to a certain degree, changes become smaller. Above all, the distance of the tunnel face set as twice tunnel interval will be reasonable.
  • 摘要：Based on the merits and faults of mine ventilation resistance determination method of pole and synchronization, this paper selects the method of pole - synchronization for ventilation resistance determination. Combining with the practical applications and based on the present situation of Rujigou coal mine ventilation system, four main measured courses are selected and the method of pole - synchronization with barometer is adopted to determine ventilation resistance. According to the analysis of determined results, it includes that the method of pole - synchronization can improve the precision of determination result, providing accurate basic data for ventilation system optimization operation.%在比较分析矿井通风阻力测定基点法和同步法优缺点的基础上，选择了基点-同步法进行通风阻力测定分析．结合实际应用，针对汝箕沟煤矿通风系统现状，选定4条主要测定线路，采用基点-同步气压计法进行矿井通风阻力测定．根据测定结果分析得出基点-同步法能够提高测定结果精度，为通风系统优化决策提供准确的基础数据．
  • 摘要：When gas and air is combined into a mixed gas, its gas density is determined by the mass or the density of the gas and the air. The gas density can be determined by floater, which is affected by buoyancy force, gravity and resistance, floater and etc. The buoyancy force is determined by the gas and the air＇ s density and volume. Due to the fact that both forth based on density are involved in the density of the gas and the air, the relationship between them can be drawn the fluid dynamics theory and the dynamics theory. Under the three states of motion when the floater is floating upward, sinking and balanced, one can take the balanced state of motion as the starting point, and its calculation is easy and the detection is visualized.%由瓦斯与空气组成的混合气体，瓦斯浓度的大小取决于二者的质量或密度．可以通过浮子来测定瓦斯的浓度．浮子在混合气体中受到浮力、重力、阻力等作用．浮力的大小取决于2气体的密度与自身体积．由于浮子与瓦斯浓度同时涉及到2气体的密度，按照流体力学、动力学的基础理论，可导出二者的关系式．在浮子上浮、下沉、平衡的3种运动状态下，以平衡状态为切入点，计算简便，检测直观．
  • 摘要：Based on the theory of gas - solid two - phase flow, and considering mine heading face characteristics and adopting computational fluid dynamics discrete phase model （DPM）, this paper makes the numerical simulation to calculate different pumping and pressing wind tube position in excavation roadway. The results show that, while changing pumping and pressing wind tube position, dust concentration in work face has also been changed, and it is disadvantageous in controlling dust dispersion and ventilation when considering pumping and pressing wind tube being apart from work face too far or too near. To the 8 m2 excavation roadway, adopting pumping wind tube being apart from work face 2 -2.8 m position and pressing wind tube being apart from work face 18 -22 m position, the ventilation is effective .%根据气固两相流理论，针对井下掘进工作面前抽后压混合式通风的特点，采用计算流体力学的离散相模型（DPM）对不同吹吸风口位置掘进通风工作面的粉尘扩散规律进行了数值模拟研究．研究结果表明，在抽风量和压风量不变的情况下，改变吹吸风口位置，掘进工作面的粉尘浓度场也随之发生变化，吸风口和压风口离掘进头太近或太远，都不利于控制粉尘扩散和通风排尘，对于断面为8m。左右的掘进工作面，吸风口距离掘进头2—2．8m位置，吹风口距离掘进头18～22m位置，通风效果较好．
  • 摘要：把工作面地质条件开采工艺性综合评价值和计算机模拟的工作面单产数值关联起来进行分析研究，构建了王庄矿能综合反映人-设备-环境3种因素影响的单产预测模型，并对王庄煤矿待开采的工作面进行了科学合理地单产预测．预测结果表明所建立的开采工艺性综合评价和计算机模拟关联预测模型对于预测工作面单产具有较高的准确性和适用性．研究结论对于王庄矿制定科学合理的采掘接替方案具有重要作用，对于王庄矿在边角煤开采等方面的辅助生产决策具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义．%This paper connected the integration evaluation on coal seam geological condition of coal face with the value of output of coal face simulated by computer to establish the coal face output forecast model which embodied the factor of human, machine and environment. Then, the output of coal face which would be mined soon in Wangzhuang Mine was forecasted reasonably. The result of forecast showed that the model which connected the integration evaluation on coal seam geological condition of coal face with the value of output of coal face simulated by computer was correct and suitable. The conclusions could help to draw Mining- Excavation plan projects, and help to decide in the procedure of mining residual coal and analyze other important questions. The study can also provide special references for other coal mines to help to forecast the coal face output and draw Mining- Excavation plan projects.
  • 摘要：In order to study the goaf stability of gentle dipped and medium thickness ore body, based on studying the mechanism mechanism of goafs, collecting the ore deposit data, mining process and the laboratory experiments of rock mechanics, the numerical simulation software FLAC is applied to simulate the mining work of 4th stope of the NO. 2 ore body in Mofang mine. According to the analysis of the goaf vertical stress distribution, the increasing tendency of plastic zones and the distribution of shear strain increment, the goal stability and failure tendency is concluded. The stability and tendency can be described as ： （ 1 ） Tensil stress concentration is induced at the middle of goaf roof and footwall; （2）The existing of shear failure at the corners and the bottom of pillars leading to the failure of pillars, and then spreading of the failure to the rim of goaf roof and the upper zones results in the total collapse of the roof, and （3）The goaf stays stable after excavationl and excavations, but goes to unstable after the last step of excavation.%为研究缓倾斜中厚矿体采空区稳定性，在研究采空区失稳机理以及收集矿床资料、采矿进程及进行室内岩石力学实验的基础上，利用数值模拟软件FLAC对磨坊矿五号井2号矿体4号采场的开采活动进行了模拟．通过对采空区竖向应力分布，塑性区发展趋势以及剪应变增量的分析，得出了空区的稳定性程度及破坏发展趋势：（1）在空区顶板与地板中心处出现了拉应力的集中；（2）空区剪切破坏首先发生在角隅与矿柱的中下部，导致矿柱的失稳，然后再向空区边缘顶板上部发展，最终导致顶板整体塌陷；（3）一、二步开挖后空区处于稳定状态，最后一步开挖后，采空区失稳．
  • 摘要：沙漠地区表层结构较为复杂，静校正问题是难点．利用炮点井深、替换速度、潜水面和地表高程等资料，给出了固定基准面位于地表以上的沙丘曲线静校正量和最小二乘法压实系数的具体计算公式，并与野外测量的静校正量进行对比，从实际资料的单炮和叠加结果可以看出，该方法能够有效解决沙漠地区的长波长静校正问题，且其应用效果要优于野外测量的静校正量，从而能够提高沙漠地区静校正量的计算效率和地震资料的处理精度．%The desert surface＇s structure is complex, and the difficulty is the static problem. With information of shot point well depth, replacement velocity, ground water plane and surface elevation, and so on, the paper proposes a sand dune curve static computational equation with fixed datum above the surface and compaction coefficient computational equation by the least square method, and carries out comparison with the field measuring statics, it sees from single shot and stack section that the proposed method can effectively solve the long wavelength statics in the desert area, and its application result is better than with the field measuring statics, thus it can improve the static＇ s computational efficiency and the seismic data processing accuracy in the desert area.
  • 摘要：The mining depth in Qu Jiang colliery has reached 900 meters level below, where the supporting pattern of bolt mesh and beam can＇ t meet the demands of normal production. The characteristics of the great deformation in tunnels are presented, observation experiment and numerical simulation are adapted to analyze the deformation failure mechanism and the failure process of roadways respectively. The great deformation at the initial stage of tunneling is attributed to the unqualified bolt supporting and the unreasonable pillar width. The quality of bolt supporting should be ensured, and the reasonable width of the coal pillar is proposed via numerical simulation, the joint support pattern, which is composed of bolt mesh and beam with prestressed - truss - cable - beam is put forward, and the industrial experiment is implemented, the experiment shows that the deformation of tunnels is controlled properly, which can meet the production requirements.%曲江煤矿工作面埋深已达-900m以下，煤巷变形严重，采用锚网粱支护方式已不能满足生产的正常进行．介绍了巷道大变形的特征，通过观测试验方法对巷道围岩变形破坏机制进行了分析，采用数值模拟方法分析了巷道的变形破坏过程，表明掘巷初期锚杆支护质量差达不到要求和煤柱留设宽度的不合理，是导致巷道掘进初期发生大变形的主要原因，然后提出要加强锚杆安装质量，并根据数值模拟结果确定了合理的煤柱宽度，有针对性的提出了锚网梁＋预应力桁架锚索梁的联合支护方式，并进行了工业性试验，试验观测结果表明巷道变形得到了较好的控制，能够满足正常生产的需求．
  • 摘要：Physical and mechanical properties of the rock in Sanchahe Mine were determined through electro hydraulic servo controlled rock testing machine （ RMT - 150C） ; A series of rock creep tests were carried out on rock shear rheological tester （ RYL - 600） through the way of hierarchical loading and unloading; The elastic - viscous - viscoelastic properties of rock in the area were found and the rheological model was identified after analyzing the test data. The results showed that it had the similar rheological properties as burgers model; Therefore, researches on rheological properties of the rock around the burgers model were carried out. The parameters of the burgers model under different stress levels were obtained. The rheological theory curves were fitted using burgers equation. The theoretical curve and the actual test data coincides well. It shows that burgers model can reflect the creep characteristics of the rock in Sanchahe Mine well.%利用RMT-150C微机控制电液伺服岩石力学试验机测定了三岔河矿区顶板粉砂岩的各项物理力学指标；采用分级加卸载的方式在RYL-600岩石剪切流变试验仪上进行了一系列的岩石流变试验；分析试验数据，发现该区岩石具有弹性一粘性一粘弹性的流变特性，总结岩石流变特性，对其流变模型进行辨识，发现岩石的流变特性与伯格斯模型性质很相似；利用伯格斯模型对该区岩石的流变特性展开研究，求取了不同应力水平下伯格斯流变模型各项参数，利用伯格斯方程拟合得出岩石的流变理论曲线，理论曲线和实际试验数据吻合较好，说明伯格斯模型能较好地反映三岔河矿区顶板粉砂岩的流变特性．
  • 摘要：Because of large mining depth and great pressure, beam supporting in Zhouyuanshan Mine has been not satisfying the existing condition of geology and production. Therefore, bolt support parameters of 24 return airflow uphill are designed by using the modern of bolting support based on pull - thickness of surrounding rock loose circle has been simulated for prestressed Both experiments and numerical simulation show that wire meshes beam out test for bolt anchoring force, and the anchor bar （cable） supporting roadways. and cable anchor support is an effective supporting form, which is worthy of popularization and application in the whole mine.%周源山矿采深大、压力大，原有的梁式支护已越来越不适应现有的生产地质条件，为此，在现场锚杆锚固力拉拔试验的基础上，应用现代锚杆支护理论进行了24回风上山锚杆支护参数设计，并对24回风上山采用预应力锚杆＋锚索支护的围岩松动圈厚度进行了数值模拟，试验和模拟结果表明：锚梁网索支护在深井煤巷支护中是一种极其有效的支护形式，值得在全矿推广应用．
  • 摘要：The fog in the roadway not only affects the production and transportation of the colliery, but also reduces the safety coefficient of the minors. First, this paper studies the theory of the cause of fog and determines the parameters of the wet air in the 4113 auxiliary transport roadway where is misting. The result shows that the fog is mainly caused by humidity, temperature, terrains and air leakage in the roadway. Because the humid environment in roadway increases the humidity content of moist air, and downdraft temperature reduces the ability of imbibe water, the fog comes out in the roadway. The enthalpy of moist air changes caused by terrain changes and air leaks causes the mist concentration. The mine should warm the moist air, decrease the humid environment, strengthen the management and optimize the ventilation systems to eliminate the fog, and the mine should increase the visibility of roadway, add warning signs to reduce the impact on the safe production by fog.%首先对巷道起雾进行了理论分析，然后通过测定起雾地点4113辅运顺槽的湿空气参数，具体分析了酸刺沟煤矿部分巷道起雾原因．分析结果表明，起雾主要与巷道湿度、温度、巷道地势变化和巷道漏风有关：巷道中潮湿环境增加了湿空气的含湿量，逐渐下降的温度降低湿空气饱和水的能力，最终形成起雾现象；巷道地势变化和漏风使得湿空气焓值不断变化，从而导致了雾气集聚．根据影响起雾的因素，井下应尽量对雾气影响严重处祛湿增温，并加强通风系统管理和优化，以消除雾气；对无法消除雾气的地点，应增加起雾巷道的可见度，并添加警示标志，以消除起雾对安全生产的影响．
  • 摘要：大多数隧道开挖地质情况复杂，地质灾害时常发生，单一的地质预报方法往往不能够比较全面地提供隧道掌子面前方的地质情况信息，这样一来可能造成地质灾害的漏报和误报．所以必须根据隧道的地质情况，采用2种或2种以上的预报方法进行隧道施工地质超前预报，相互验证，提供较为全面的地质预报信息．综合分析观音山隧道地质条件，地质预报组采用以地质调查法为基础，综合地震波反射法法和地质雷达法，三者相结合的方法对观音山隧道施工进行地质超前预报，取得了良好的效果，为隧道开挖提供了科学的指导和依据．%Most tunnels always confront the complex geology, and geological disasters happen unexpectedly, the geological predicting method, if only adopting single predicting method, would not be providing the complete geology information of tunnel face in advance, which would lead to the information prospecting missed and even wrong information. So we must adopt at least two or even more methods, if possible, to predict the tunnel geology information under construction; comparing the information provided to sort out the fairly complete geological predicting information. Based on the analyzed tunnel geology information of Guanyinshan, the geological prospecting team adopted the geology researching as the start point, and took the method of TSP and the method of geological radar, to make the geological information predicting of the Guanyinshan Tunnel constructing. It has made good effects in construction and provided scientific guidance and practical base.
  • 摘要：Coal tar pitch was extracted with isometric carbon disulfide - acetone mixed solvent under ultrasonic radiation and room temperature. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in coal tar pitch were extracted by mixed solvent. The extracts were absorbed by silica gel. The silica gel was eluted with petroleum ether, PAHs in coal tar pitch were separated by using column chromatographic method. A white crystal, a white powder and a colorless crystal （marked as M1, M2, M3 respectively） appeared in three eluents, and M1 ,M2 and M3 were analyzed with GC -MS respectively. The results showed that M1 was mainly composed of 3 - ring PAHs and heterocyclic compounds, M2 was mainly composed of 4 - ring PAHs and heterocyclic compounds, and Ms was composed of 4 - ring or 5 - ring PAHs.%室温下用等体积的二硫化碳-丙酮混合溶剂对煤焦油沥青进行超声辐射萃取，煤焦油沥青中多环芳烃（PAHs）被混合溶剂萃取，用硅胶吸附萃取物，以石油醚为洗脱液洗脱硅胶，采用柱层析法对煤焦油沥青中多环芳烃进行了分离．在定量收取的洗脱液中分别析出了白色晶体、白色粉状物质和无色晶体（分别标记为M1，M2，M3），用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC／MS）分别对M1，M2，M3进行了分析，结果表明，M1中主要为3个环的多环芳烃和杂环化合物，M2中主要为4个环的多环芳烃和杂环化合物，M3中全部为4～5个环的多环芳烃．
  • 摘要：随着矿井开采深度的增加，其热害问题越来越明显，并危及煤矿的安全高效开采，是矿井生产环境中存在的职业性有害因素之一．高温作业环境不但极大消耗职工的体力而且还降低职工的劳动效率，影响着职工的身心健康．分析了高温对人体的影响，以及由于井下高温所导致的各种常见的职业病，提出了相关的现场治疗和防治措施．以使在井下高温环境中从事体力劳动的矿工熟悉这些热病的症状及其救治方法，为职工的身体健康提供一定的借鉴价值．%With the increase of mining depth, heat damage problem is more and more obvious and endanger the safety of coal mine high - efficient exploitation, and it is one of the professional harmful factors of mine production environment. Hot work environment not only consumes the workers＇ physical strength, but also reduces their labor efficiency. Furthermore, it affects the worker＇ s physical and mental health. This paper analyzes the influence of high temperature and all kinds of common occupational diseases caused by high temperature in mine, puts forward the spot treatment and preventive treatment measures, in order to help the physical labor workers who work in hot work environment to be familiar with the symptoms of occupational diseases and treatment methods, and provide some references for the worker＇ s physical health.
  • 摘要：为了揭示粉尘在矿井空气中的运动规律，采用雷诺判定准则对井巷内空气的流动状态进行了分析，从理论上研究了层流和湍流2种情形下粉尘颗粒的运动特性，导出了粉尘颗粒在矿井空气中的运动方程．结果表明，煤矿井下风流状态大多为湍流；无论是在层流中，还是在湍流中，控制和分离风流中的粉尘颗粒都需借助黏附力、离心力、磁场力等外力场的作用；粉尘在井巷风流中的运动轨迹与粉尘的密度、粒径、初始运动速度及空气粘度等因素有关%Aiming to reveal dust flow principle in mine air, the flow state of mine air was analyzed using the criteria of Reynolds number.. Then, the flow characteristics of dust particles were theoretically studied under the two circumstances of laminar and turbulent, and the motion equation of dust particles in mine air were deduced as well. The results show that airflow status of are mostly turbulent in underground coal mine. Whether in laminar flow or in turbulence, external forces are needed to control separate dust particles, such as centrifugal force, magnetic force, etc. The trajectory of dust in Roadway depends on particle density, particle size, particle＇ s initial velocity, air viscosity and other factors.
  • 摘要：在山区建设煤矿，因受煤炭资源赋存条件、地质地形条件的限制，通常利用河滩地及其二级阶梯地，或者相对平缓的山坡地作为矿井工业场地．而重力式挡土墙因其结构简单、取材容易、施工方便、适用性强等优点，在矿井工业场地边坡支护中被广泛地采用．通过对山区煤矿工业场地重力式挡土墙在设计和施工中常见问题进行总结，提出了相应的保证其工程质量、节约工程造价的具体措施．%Limited by the coal resources distribution and geology terrain condition, the mine surface plant located at the mountainous area are always built on the relatively flat areas, such as flood land, benchland of the river and the gentle slope of the mountain. Because of its simple structure, easy material resource, convenient construction and wide applicability, gravity retaining wall is widely used for the slope supporting of the mine surface plant. This paper summarizes the common problems in designing and construction of mountain coal mine＇ s gravity retaining wall. Finally, this paper puts forward corresponding measures to assure and improve the quality and safety of gravity retaining wall project.
  • 摘要：Aimed at engineering reality of certain copper mine typical cavity, this paper adopts the software of Flac3D to simulate and analyze the instability cavity, and it determines the possible instability modes in static and dynamic disturbance conditions. Results show that it exists the failure mode of cavity under the condition of static mainly for bearer shear failure, while under dynamic disturbances it does mainly for composite the roof shear failure with bearer shear failure. The measured results and the numerical analysis results are consistent, which provides reliably technical supports for effective safety analysis and cavity disposal.%针对某铜矿典型采空区的工程实际，运用FLAC^3D软件对采空区失稳进行模拟分析，确定了采空区分别在静力作用和动力扰动条件下的失稳模式．结果表明，该矿采空区在静力条件下主要为矿柱剪切破坏失稳，在动力扰动条件下则表现为顶板剪切破坏和矿柱剪切破坏复合失稳，实测结果与数值分析结果一致．为矿山有效开展采空区安全分析及处理提供可靠的技术支持．
  • 摘要：煤矿水害是我国煤矿频发且较严重的事故之一，预先探明煤矿矿区水体分布及其水量是防止和避免煤矿水害事故发生的有效方法．地下水（煤矿水害事故的主体）是良导体，其流动时受到天然电磁场的作用会产生相应的特征信息，采用磁流体探测仪接收并提取该特征信息，能比较准确地对地下水的位置分布及水流的瞬时流量进行预测．阐述了地下磁流体探测方法的基本原理和工作方法，并在四川仁寿县汪洋煤矿进行了水害隐患探测验证，探明了该煤矿指定区域内的地下水体分布，准确地找出了主水仓的位置，探测结果与实际相符．%Coal mine water disaster is a frequent occurrence and one of the most serious accidents of coal mine in China. To find out the water distribution in coal mining area and its water prior is an effective method to prevent and avoid accidents of coal mine water disaster from occurring. Groundwater （subject of accidents of coal mine water disaster） is one kind of good conductor, it will be affected by the natural electromagnetic field while it is flowing and generate characteristic information. Using magneto fluid detector receives and extracts the information can accurately position the groundwater distribution and predict the instantaneous flow of water. In this paper, the basic principles and work methods of the underground fluid detection method are the method in Wangyang Coal Mine at Renshou County, underground water in the given area is found out, including expounded, and it also gives an example of application of Sichuan Province. The result that the distribution of the a water storage.
  • 摘要：为了更全面的评价岩体质量，克服传统的岩体质量等级分级方法如RQD，RMR和BQ等未考虑岩体中的节理、裂隙的不足，根据岩体结构面的自相似特征，应用分形理论来对其进行研究．运用盒计维数法对某地下工程岩体结构面分布的分形维数进行计算，验证了岩体结构面分布的分形特征．对计算结果数值分布的规律分析发现，分形维数越大，岩体质量越差，表明岩体结构面分布的分形维可以作为评价岩体质量的指标．并通过分维数D与RQD，RMR和BQ的拟合，给出岩体质量分级指标D值，从而提出一个以岩体结构面分形维数为分级指标的岩体质量评价方案．%In order to evaluate the quality of rock mass more comprehensively, and overcome the deficiency of the traditional rock mass quality rating classification methods such as RQD, RMR, and BQ which have not considered rock joints, fracture, owing to the property of self- similarity of rock mass discontinuity, it can be addressed with fractal theory. The current study has testified the fractal characteristics of rock mass gliscontinuity distributions based on the calculation of the fractal dimensions of discontinuity distributions in the roadway surrounding rock masses at an underground project with the application of the box - dimension method. By analyzing the fractal dimension values, the investigation shows that the higher the value is, the lower the rock mass quality, and it is shown that taking the fractal dimension of rock mass discontinuity distribution as the index of rock mass quality rating is feasible. With fitting of the fractal dimension D and RQD, RMR and BQ, rock mass quality classification D value is given, a scheme of rock mass quality classification, which the fractal dimension D is taken as the classifying target value, is proposed.
  • 摘要：针对某矿山大型复杂采空区群的实际情况,应用空区三维激光探测技术获得了复杂空区的真实形态及相对位置关系,结合SURPAC软件构建了包含复杂空区群在内的矿山三维地学模型,将地学模型分别转换导入FLAC3D和Phase2有限元软件形成数值计算模型,经计算获得围岩变形和应力分布状况.通过对数值计算结果分析并参考空区形态、体积及周边环境等因素,确定了采空区的危险度等级.运用空区实测模型进行数值模拟提高了计算结果的可靠度,同时运用不同计算软件,降低了计算误差,所得结果更为可靠,更有利于指导生产实际.
  • 摘要：在煤田三维地震采区,现代机械化综采系统的生产能力和效益在很大程度上依赖于对小断层的精确解释,介绍了煤田三维采区小断层的3种解释方法:彩色变密度剖面识别法、连续的多线对比识别法、断层立体解释法.以山西省寺河煤矿为例,对这3种解释方法进行了详细的解剖.研究表明,彩色剖面显示技术、倾角控制下的相干体技术,配合断层立体解释技术和连续多线对比识别技术,可以较精确地解决煤田三维采区小断层的预测问题,为煤矿安全高效生产提供技术支持.
  • 摘要：云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司会泽铅锌矿是我国一个1 000m深井矿山,该深井硬岩矿山开采的基本问题要素就是高地应力、构造发育.阐述了矿山的基本地质条件.通过现场调查,发现深部开采岩爆影响的主要因素是由于工程岩体性质和人工开挖引起应力重分布所致,描述了岩爆特征,总结了发生岩爆的基本规律,为建立微震监测系统提供了基本资料.同时为选择合理的采矿方法和岩爆控制技术措施提供了重要依据.
  • 摘要：安全生产标准化建设是企业实现本质安全和建立安全生产长效管理机制的重要途径.针对露天矿安全生产标准化建设的基本内容和要求,深入分析研究了露天矿安全生产的基本特性和关键影响因素,提出了以危险源辩识与风险评价为基础的有效创建露天矿安全生产标准化系统的8步骤模式,阐述了各步骤之间的相关关系及其主要内容.该模式在某露天矿生产企业安全生产标准化建设实践中获得了良好应用.
  • 摘要：运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法,以2008年沪深两市21家煤炭上市公司为研究对象,总资产、员工人数、主营业务成本、净利润和主营业务收入为投入、产出变量,从技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率等方面对其经营效率进行了评价和分析,并以恒源煤电为例,根据DEA投影分析调整投入,使其达到D队有效.同时结合投影分析结果,提出了提高企业经营效率的方向和对策,以供决策者参考.

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