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Resources Chemicals and Materials

Resources Chemicals and Materials

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    主办单位：沈阳化工大学
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Resources Chemicals and Materials >2024年第4期
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  • 摘要：Micro reactors are the essential part of thermal analysis techniques for characterizing gas-solid thermochemical reactions. The dynamic and diversified needs for investigating various complex materials and gas-solid reactions have led to the development of a variety of different microreactors over the years. Solid particles in microreactors are normally heated by furnaces from outside, resistive elements from inside, direct contact with bed particles, or other non-resistively methods. Solid particles can be fixed or fluidized in reactors where gas-solid contacts vary from diffusion-dominated to nearly diffusion-free conditions. Based on these characteristics, in this article we presented a broad classification for microreactors used for thermal analysis of gas-solid reactions. For each of the most popularly used microreactors, their features and limitations are briefly reviewed. By addressing the diversity of the microreactors used in the field of thermal analysis, the review aims at providing general guidance for the selection and operation of the microreactor to satisfy one's practical specific needs.
  • 摘要：The gas-phase hydrogenation of furfural to furfuralcohol over Cr-free Cu-based catalysts has attracted increasing attention due to its environmentally friendly nature and mild operating conditions.Although reduced pure nano-sized CuO exhibits complete furfural hydrogenation and nearly 100%furfuralcohol selectivity,it suffers from rapid deactivation caused by sintering.In this study,we conducted comparative investigations on the catalytic performance and stability of two Cu-based catalysts:90%CuO-10%SiO_(2) and 90%CuO-5%CaO-5%SiO_(2),in the gas-phase furfural hydrogenation.The reaction is carried out under various conditions,including temperatures ranging from 120 to 170℃,LHSVs of 1 to 2.2 h^(-1),and H_(2) to furfural molar ratios of 3.5 to 12.5.The results indicate that under optimal conditions,the Ca-modified catalyst achieves nearly complete furfural conversion and almost 100%furfuralcohol selectivity for a test duration of 31 h.In contrast,the unmodified catalyst exhibits stable performance for only seven hours despite the similar initial performance.XRD analysis confirms that the gradual deactivation of both catalysts is attributed to the oxidation of reduced metallic Cu sites to Cu oxides.Further characterizations of the two spent catalysts using HRTEM and XPS analyses,along with DFT calculations,suggest that the presence of Ca in Cu lattices prevents the loss of electrons from low-valence Cu sites or the reduced metallic Cu sites,thus inhibiting their oxidation to high-valence Cu oxides.This phenomenon contributes to suppressing the deactivation of Cu-catalysts in the gas-phase furfural hydrogenation process.
  • 摘要：WO3 nanoparticles were successfully deposited onto SiO_(2)/Si substrates equipped with a pair of interdigitated Pt electrodes by heating tungsten filaments in a vacuum chamber. The morphology and structure of the obtained WO3 nanoparticles were characterized by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results revealed that these nanoparticles show a sphere-like structure and their sizes depend on deposing pressure. Furthermore, the NO_(2) sensing properties of WO3 nanoparticles were studied. The intrinsic WO3 nanoparticles with small size exhibit surprisingly high response to ppb-level NO_(2), low detection limit, excellent selectivity, and good stability at a very low operating temperature, demonstrating their potential in monitoring ppb-level NO_(2) at low power consumption. In addition, an in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) measurement was carried out to propose the NO_(2) sensing mechanism, which demonstrates that adsorbed nitrate and nitrite species are the main species on WO3 surface. Furthermore, the intensity and the sensing response show the same trend with respect to the temperature, indicating that nitrate and nitrite species play a joint role in NO_(2) sensing behavior on WO3 surface.
  • 摘要：Red phosphorus has been well-recognized as promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to its extremely high theoretical capacity and low cost.However,the huge volume change and poor electric conductivity severely limit its further practical application.Herein,the nanoscale ultrafine red phosphorus has been successfully confined in a three-dimensional pitch-based porous carbon skeleton composed of well-interconnected carbon nanosheets through the vaporization-condensation method.Except for the traditional requirement of high electric conductivity and stable mechanical stability,the micropores and small mesopores in the porous carbon matrix centered at 1 to 3 nm and the abundant amount of oxygen-containing functional groups are also beneficial for the high loading and dispersion of red phosphorus.As anode for LIBs,the composite exhibits high reversible discharge capacities of 968 mAh g^(-1),excellent rate capabilities of 593 mAh g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1),and long cycle performance of 557 mAh g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1).More impressively,as the anode for PIBs,the composite presents a high reversible capacity of 661 mAh g^(-1)and a stable capacity of 312 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)for 500 cycles with a capacity retention up to 84.3%.This work not only sheds light on the structure design of carbon hosts with specific pore structure but also open an avenue for high value-added utilization of coal tar pitch.
  • 摘要：CdS nanospheres were grown on indium tin oxide(ITO)substrate using a hydrothermal method.The crystal structure,morphology and electronic structure of the samples synthesized were characterized in detail.The results confirm that the crystallinity,size,crystal defects of the CdS nanospheres and the film thickness of CdS photoelectrodes can be tuned by varying the precursor Cd2+concentration.Combined with charge transfer dynamics analysis,it can be found that proper particle size and film thickness,as well as fewer defects,will result in better charge separation efficiency of the prepared CdS/ITO photoelectrodes,thereby exhibiting better photoelectrochemical performance for water splitting.The optimized CdS/ITO photoelectrode synthesized with a Cd2+concentration of 0.14 mol⋅L1 gave a photocurrent density of 5.10 mA⋅cm^(-2)at potential of 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),under a simulated solar illumination of 100 mW⋅cm^(-2).
  • 摘要：With the rapid development of“Internet of Things”and human-computer interaction techniques,it is essential and urgent to develop facile and scalable fabrication platforms for stretchable flexible sensor.Herein,we report a facile strategy of using the green choline chloride-acrylamide deep eutectic solvent(CC-AM DES)to guide the in-situ ring-opening polymerization ofα-lipoic acid(LA),leading to the successful development of a stretchable ionogel material.The as-prepared ionogel from CC-AM DES system exhibits multifunctional merits including the super stretchability(>9000%),100%UV-blocking ability,tunable adhesiveness(29-414 kPa),high ionic conductivity(4.45×10^(-4) S/cm),and ideal anti-freezing(-27℃).In addition,this outstanding ionogel can be readily coated on various material substrates with designable shapes and patterns.Owning to these promising properties and performances,a scalable flexible strain sensor is assembled from the ionogel and exhibits stable resistance variations(R/R_(0))towards multiple external mechanical stimulus.This study provides a green,cost effective,and scalable strategy to fabricate ionogel materials and multifunctional flexible strain sensors,showing a great potential in the fast-emerging highly stretchable wearable/flexible electronics.
  • 摘要：The removal and enrichment of pollutants in industrial wastewater using efficient adsorption processes have been a hot scientific topic in the field of environmental chemistry and green chemistry.Compared with the progress in the design,synthesis,and performance of polyethyleneimine-modified adsorbent materials at home and abroad,there are few reviews on how to modify polyethyleneimine(PEI)in adsorbent materials through functional group reactions.Therefore,this review attempts to provide a systematic review of how PEI can prepare adsorbent materials by functional group reaction and the adsorption mechanism of inorganic metal ions,phosphates,and dyes in wastewater by PEI.On this basis,future research directions of adsorbent materials are prepared by PEI prospects.
  • 摘要：Alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is suppressed by the water dissociation,leading to more sluggish kinetics than acidic HER.Developing multifunction catalysts via constructing heterogeneous interfaces is a feasible tactic to accelerate the alkaline HER.Herein,NiO coupled with Ni and MoxN(NMN)nanorods were prepared via a hydro-thermal synthesis combined with a thermal decomposition under ammonia atmosphere.The low crystalline NMN nanorods are rich in heterointerfaces,and have sufficient high active sites for HER.The synergistic effect between NiO and Ni-MoxN promotes the water dissociation the hydrogen adsorption,and the charge transfer,contributing to excellent alkaline HER activity.The overpotential on NMN is only 36 and 150 mV for the current density of 10 and 300 mA cm^(-2),respectively,and the Tafel slope is 48 mV/dec,demonstrating a superior performance for alkaline HER,which is even comparable to the commercial electrocatalysts.
  • 摘要：The 2022′s Youth Forum on Resources Chemicals and Materials was held on November 12-13,2022,in Shenyang,Liaoning Province.Panel discussions focus on the cutting-edge researches on“Fine chemicals and advanced alloy materials”and“Utilization of fossil and renewable carbon resources”.This perspective summarizes the major di-rections of scientific research and technical developments aligned in the discussions.Fine chemical industry tends to pursue green and low-carbon products,intelligent product design,and start manufacturing.In recent years,great efforts have been made for transformation of cellulose into advanced electronic as well as life-service bio-materials and to the high-selectivity extraction of bio-base aromatic chemicals from lignin.Concerning high-end alloy materials,regulating deformation mechanism of crystal to construct bimodal microstructure seems highly prospective in harmonizing precipitate hardening effect and plastic deformation capacity.As we know,utiliza-tion of fossil carbon resources constitutes the major anthropogenic carbon emissions,and the related innovations thus should be,for possibly a long period,on increasing energy production efficiency and low-carbon cascaded conversion of fossil fuels,especially of coal.
  • 摘要：The technical bottleneck of carbon materials as counter electrodes(CEs)lies in their limited electrical conduc-tivity,extended ion diffusion paths,poor dispersion,and high contact resistance.Problem-oriented in-situ self-grown N-doped CNTs-coated Ni nanoparticles based on N-doped carbonaceous structures derived from pitaya peel(PC)are adopted to construct Ni-N-C hybrid 3D ionized network sites(Ni@NCNTs/PC-4)as CEs.Structural characterization,micromorphological and chemical composition analyses revealed the 3D network structure of Ni@NCNTs/PC-4 with abundant active sites.They effectively shorten the diffusion distance of I 3−ions with a smaller charge transfer resistance(5.21Ω)than that of PC(12.53Ω).DSSCs based on Ni@NCNTs/PC-4 display good optoelectronic properties,in which the short-circuit current density(Jsc)is 13.27 mA/cm^(2),higher than those of Pt(11.66 mA/cm^(2))and PC(6.99 mA/cm^(2)).The PCE value(5.13%)of DSSCs based on Ni@NCNTs/PC-4 is also higher than that of DSSCs based on PC(2.47%).Overall,this work provides a preliminary research and new ideas for further in-depth study of biomass-derived 3D structured-carbons that contribute to key electrodes in DSSCs.
  • 摘要：We are delighted to release the first issue of our journal Resources Chemicals and Materials(RCM).After more than a year of prepara-tion,the successful publication of this issue is a milestone in the offi-cial establishment peer reviewed international journal.We are sincerely grateful for the efforts and support of the many excellent contributors,colleagues,editorial members,and the management teams of KeAi and Shenyang University of Chemical Technology.
  • 摘要：In the progress of realizing the commercialization of organic optoelectronic materials,the four basic coherent factors are stability,cost,performance,and processability,all which determine the results of device applications.Spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene](SFX)has been becoming the robust building-block that fulfilling the practical requirements due to its key features of non-planarity,one-pot facile availability,well-defined quality assurance as well as performance behaviors.In this review,we introduce the SFX and its analogues,including synthesis,molecular design,device performance,and structure-property relationship,in the applications of organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs),organic photovoltaics,perovskite solar cells(PSCs)and others.Furthermore,emitters or hosts for OLED and hole transport materials for PSCs are highlighted at the level of molecular configuration and film morphology.Tracing the thread from intrinsic photoelectric properties,molecular packing to optoelectronic application,the advantage of stability and low-cost of SFX-based materials are illuminated,and an outlook is given providing orientation for bring SFX into the fields of catalysis and energy chemistry in view of its binary conjugation and three-dimensional configuration.
  • 摘要：Most recent progress on the Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions, induced by heterobimetallic Pd-Ln coordination polymers as heterogeneous catalysts has been accurately reviewed. Physical-chemical characterization of the Pd-Ln composite materials by adequate physical methods revealed the distinct structure and configuration of the two- and three-dimensional frameworks. The important contribution of the coordination polymers as catalyst supports to finely modulating the catalytic activity and chemoselectivity has been considered. Published results illustrate the high activity and chemoselectivity of Pd-Ln coordination polymers in cross-coupling reactions, excellent catalyst recoverability and recyclability as well as low catalyst loading or metal leaching, under optimized reaction conditions. The particular effect of the solvent, base, aryl halide or related reagents in governing the main steps of the Pd catalytic cycle has been particularly outlined. In addition, the well-established cooperative effect of the lanthanides with palladium, with emphasis on the synergism between different metals in heterobimetallic catalytic systems, has been highlighted.
  • 摘要：Shale oil resources have proven to be quickly producible in large quantities and have recently revolutionized the oil and gas industry.The oil content in a shale oil formation includes free oil contained in pores and trapped oil in the organic material called kerogen.The latter can represent a significant portion of the total oil and yet pro-duction of shale oil currently targets only the free oil rather than the trapped oil in kerogen.Shale oil reservoirs also have a substantial capacity to store CO_(2)by dissolving it in kerogen.In this paper,recent progress in the research of CO_(2)-kerogen interaction and its applications in CO_(2)enhanced oil recovery and carbon sequestration in shale oil reservoirs are reviewed.The relevant topics reviewed for this relatively new area include charac-terization of organic matter,supercritical CO_(2)extraction of oil in shale,experimental and simulation study of CO_(2)-hydrocarbons counter-current diffusion in organic matter,recovery of oil in kerogen during CO_(2)huff‘n’puffprocess,and changes in microstructure of shale caused by CO_(2)-kerogen interaction.The results presented in this paper show that at reservoir conditions,supercritical CO_(2)can spontaneously replace the hydrocarbons from the organic matter of shale formations.This mass transfer process is the key to releasing organic oil saturation and maximizing the capacity of carbon storage of a shale oil reservoir.It also presents a concern of the structure change of organic materials for long term CO_(2)sequestration with shale or mudstone as the sealing rocks.
  • 摘要：The global shift toward carbon neutrality,driven by growing concerns about climate change,requires collaborative efforts.While cleaner energy and carbon capture are crucial,addressing some high-carbon-emission industrial processes that significantly and disproportionally contribute to our carbon footprint is more important than ever.Analysis reveals that over 90%of total carbon emissions from human activities are attributed to a few super-emitting thermochemical processes.We urgently need breakthrough technologies and transformative alternatives to combat this excess of carbon dioxide emissions effectively.Engineering Thermochemistry is the scientific discipline that offers both scientifically sound and practical solutions to the pressing carbon neutrality challenges.
  • 摘要：Developing an efficiently supported Cu-based catalyst with promoters to substitute the existing non-supported Cu-based catalysts is highly desirable to the Rochow-Müller reaction. Using a simple ball-milling method and CeO_(2) support, we prepared a high-performance CuO-ZnO-P-Sn/CeO_(2) catalyst by integrating highly dispersed multicomponent promoters of ZnO, Sn, and P with the active component CuO. This catalyst shows a significantly enhanced dimethyldichlorosilane selectivity because these promoters can substantially increase the Cu+ content and the formation of an active CuxSi phase. This work provides a new approach to efficiently designing Cu-based catalysts for the Rochow-Müller reaction.
  • 摘要：Carbon materials(graphite or C/C composites)are widely used in aerospace applications due to their unique performance advantages,including low density,high specific strength and low coefficients of thermal expansion.However,carbon materials are highly susceptible to destructive oxidation in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments,limiting their application scope and service life.Coating technology is an effective approach for solving the above problem,and ceramic coatings are the most widely used protective system.In this review,the latest research progress regarding different types of silicon carbide-based antioxidation and anti-ablation ceramic coatings on the surfaces of carbon materials is described,and the protective properties and mechanism analysis of the SiC and modified SiC coatings by ultrahigh-temperature ceramic borides,carbides,silicides and other reinforcements are elucidated.In addition,the current main challenges of ceramic coatings are carefully analysed,and the perspectives for the future development of ceramic protection coatings are also discussed.
  • 摘要：This review provides a comprehensive overview of the distinguished academic career and scientific accomplishments of Prof.Noritatsu Tsubaki at the University of Toyama.For over 35 years,he has dedicated himself to the research field of one-carbon(C1)chemistry,including catalytic conversion of C1 molecules to valuable chemicals and superclean fuels,innovative catalyst and reactor development,and the design of new catalytic reactions and processes.Organized chronologically,this review highlights Prof.Tsubaki’s academic contributions from 1990,when he studied and worked at The University of Tokyo,to his current role as a full professor at the University of Toyama.The academic section of this review is divided into three main parts,focusing on Prof.Tsubaki’s pioneering work in C1 chemistry.We believe that this review will serve as a highly valuable reference for colleagues in the fields of C1 chemistry and catalysis,and inspire the development of more original and groundbreaking research.
  • 摘要：The utilization of fossil fuels has brought unprecedented prosperity and development to human society,but also caused environmental pollution and global warming triggered by excess greenhouse gases emission.For one thing,the excess emission of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),which has a negative impact on global temperature and ocean acidity,needs to be controlled.For another,the depletion of fossil fuels will eventually force people to seek alternative carbon sources to maintain a sustainable economy.Thus,using renewable energy to convert CO_(2) and biomass into value-added chemicals and fuels is a promising method to overcome urgent problems.The hy-drogenation of CO_(2) is very important to mitigate the greenhouse effect caused by CO_(2),while biomass conversion can produce alternative renewable biofuels and green chemicals.As a kind of promising catalyst,heterogeneous single-atom catalyst(SAC)has received extensive attention in the past decades.SACs combine the advantages of homogeneous catalysts with uniform active sites and heterogeneous catalysts that are easily separable.In this review,we will give a comprehensive overview of the latest progress in CO_(2) selective hydrogenation and biomass conversion via SACs.
  • 摘要：Paper-based materials made from cellulose have been sought after as a sustainable and inexpensive packaging option.However,the porous structure and high hydrophilicity of paper-based materials result in inadequate water and oil repellency,as well as a limited water vapor barrier.In this work,lignin nanoparticles(LNPs)were prepared using a high-speed homogenizer,and subsequently coated on base paper along with cationic starch to enhance its multi-barrier performance to facilitate the packaging application.The LNPs obtained through such a facile process formed stable colloidal dispersion in water,which exhibited excellent interfacial compatibility with cationic starch.During the coating process,a highly adhesive emulsion consisting of cationic starch and LNPs were coated on the surface of base paper,imparting good hydrophobic properties to the paper.The resulting paper material exhibited good water resistance(Cobb value of 37.5 g m^(-2)),high oil resistance(Kit rating 9)and tensile strength(48.93 MPa).The reduction in water vapor transmission rate(WVTR)exceeds sixfold.This study provides a new avenue for the application of lignin in high-barrier,fluorine-free,water-and oil-resistant packaging materials.
  • 摘要：Graphene films(GFs)featured with exceptional electrical property and macroscopic ultrathin two-dimensional structure demonstrate infinite potentials for electromagnetic interference shielding applications.By retrospect-ing the advanced achievements of GF-type shielding materials over the past decades,this review aims to provide a roadmap driven by the great progress and inspire future disruptive innovations.The fabrication methods of GFs are systematically discussed,with a particular emphasis on creative approaches.Strategies to optimize the shielding performance are elaborated in terms of manufacturing methods,shielding efficiency and properties,corresponding mechanisms,challenges and perspectives.Likewise,advancements of multifunctional GFs simul-taneously satisfying electromagnetic shielding with thermal dissipation or transparent requirements are outlined.Using history as a mirror,a clear insight into this rapidly growing field is given,and corresponding current chal-lenges and future opportunities in the fabrication and application of GF-family shielding materials are highlighted and envisioned.We hope this review can encourage further innovations in this exciting branch of research and inspire scientists from both academia and industry to promote revolutionary breakthroughs in GF-shields for next-generation shielding applications.
  • 摘要：The plasmonic Ag nanoparticles(NPs)loaded g-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalysts(Ag/C_(3)N_(4))were successfully prepared via a conventional procedure.The fully characterized Ag/C_(3)N_(4)photocatalysts exhibited excellent stability and greatly enhanced visible light-driven photocatalytic performance both in the degradation of methyl orange(MO)and H_(2)evolution from water splitting.The 1.0 wt%Ag/C_(3)N_(4)allowed the highest reaction rate of 0.0294 min^(−1)to be obtained in the MO degradation,which is about 2.3 times higher than the reaction rate of g-C_(3)N_(4)alone of 0.0129 min^(−1).Furthermore,the optimum H_(2)evolution and the k value attained 20μmol and 1.573 h^(−1),respectively,after 12 h of visible light irradiation.The surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag NPs and the charge transfer between the two components of the photocatalyst,strongly promote generation of photoinduced charge carriers while suppressing their recombination.These factors are held responsible for the enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance of Ag/C_(3)N_(4).Our methodology will provide guidance for the design and synthesis of plasmon-enhanced visible light photocatalysts derived from Ag NPs and g-C_(3)N_(4)and their applications in environmental remediation and green energy development.
  • 摘要：With the advent of the 5 G era,advanced packaging applications such as wafer-level fan-out packaging have emerged thanks to efforts to reduce signal loss and increase signal transmission rates.As one of the key materials employed in telecommunication devices,the interlayer dielectric material directly affects signal transmission and device reliability.Among them,polyimide(PI)has become an important interlayer dielectric material because of its excellent comprehensive properties.However,in order to meet the needs high-frequency and high-speed circuits for 5 G networks,it will be necessary to further reduce the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of PI.PI is widely used as a flexible dielectric material due to its excellent electrical insulation properties(dielectric constant≈3.0-4.0,dielectric loss≈0.02),mechanical properties,and thermal resistance.However,further reduction in the dielectric constant will be needed in order for PI-based materials to better meet the current high integration development needs of the microelectronics industry.This article starts from strategies to prepare low dielectric PI that have been developed in the last decade,based on a more systematic and inductive analysis,and prospects the development potential of low dielectric PI.
  • 摘要：In recent years,bio-based polymeric materials have attracted increased attention owing to their distinctive prop-erties,including richness,sustainability,environmental friendliness,and biodegradability.This article reviews the recent developments and potential trends of research on bio-based polymers synthesized from various re-newable resources.It covers the resources and structures of bio-based monomers,the methods of synthesis and properties of bio-based thermoplastics and thermosets,the production of bio-based composites and the fabrica-tion of functional bio-based polymers.Finally,the technological and future challenges related to enabling these materials to apply in the industry have been discussed,together with the potential solutions or directions.
  • 摘要：Polyurethane is an excellent and widely used polymer material.In synthesizing polyurethane,the structure of soft and hard segments in polyurethane could be adjusted,which can obtain better properties than other polymer materials,such as good mechanical properties and biocompatibility.In recent years,due to their excellent chemical stability,biocompatibility,and low cytotoxicity,polyurethanes have been widely used for biomedical applications.To solve the problems of degradation and recycling,the development of bio-based polyurethane has also become a current hot spot.This paper summarizes the research progress and applications of polyurethane materials for dressings,skin sensors,orthopedics,and cardiovascular.It also looks forward to the future development of polyurethane medical materials.
  • 摘要：Swelling-induced morpholine functionalized adamantane-containing poly(aryl ether ketone) (MAPEK) membranes were prepared for vanadium flow batteries. MAPEK membranes were prepared from chloromethylated polymer and morpholine and further swelling-induced with hot phosphoric acid to obtain membranes with enhanced ionic conductivity. The swelling, selectivity, and ionic conductivity of MAPEK membranes were regulated by varying the swelling temperature. Selective swelling-induced microphase separation in MAPEK membranes, forming wider ion transport pathways and resulting in low area resistance. The unique rigid adamantane-containing backbone limited the swelling of membranes. Consequently, MAPEK membranes showed excellent selectivity and conductivity (vanadium ion permeability coefficient of MAPEK membranes was lower than 3.82 × 0−7 cm2min−1) (Nafion212 membrane, 42.5 × 0−7 cm2min−1), and MAPEK-150 membrane exhibited low area resistance (0.17 Ωcm2). The vanadium flow batteries (VFB) with MAPEK-150 membrane exhibited high energy efficiency (91.1% at 80 mAcm−2, 81.4% at 200 mAcm−2). Furthermore, MAPEK membranes showed good stability in VFB and oxidative electrolytes. The swelling-induced method utilized in this work is a versatile and facile method to enhance the conductivity of ion-exchange membranes.
  • 摘要：Eucommia ulmoides gum(EUG),main composition is trans-1,4-polyisoprene,is a natural polymer extracted from Eucommia ulmoides plant tissue.Benefiting from the crystallization ability and rubber-plastic duality,it can be applied to a variety of fields,including aerospace,national defense,healthcare,transportation,sports,and con-struction.Herein,we summarized recent progress in EUG research concerning efficient extraction methods,crys-tallization characteristics and novel functional EUG materials focused on the relationship between its molecular structure,crystallization behavior,phase structure,and properties.Furthermore,the research and development directions of EUG for the development of its new materials have been outlined.
  • 摘要：Chemical engineering is a broad field in terms of the scope of practice but the discipline has been united by a few intellectually coherent principles. Among them, thermodynamics, reaction kinetics and transport phenomena are often considered as the cornerstones, providing support for the design and operation of diverse chemical processes for power generation and production of industrial goods such as plastics, gasoline and ammonia. Traditionally, these industrial processes use fossil fuels as the raw materials and are responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions. As fossil-energy-based processes are deemed phasing out , development of alternative routes with renewable energy and sustainable feedstock is calling for the expansion of the knowledge base such that eco-friendly chemical processes can be quantified, controlled and optimized with high precision. This article offers some perspectives on possible engineering developments to accelerate the paradigm shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy.
  • 摘要：Controllable synthesis of luminescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) having the merits of ease preparation, outstanding sensitivity and stability is of great significance for exploring their efficient sensing applications. Herein, we report a hierarchical terbium-doped yttrium-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate MOF nanosheet via solvent-free synthetic strategy with a topological structure of MIL-78. The fluorescence property of the hierarchical Tb^(3+)-doped Y-based MOF nanosheets can be tuned by adjusting the molar ratio of Tb^(3+) to Y^(3+) ions, and the Tb_(0.5)Y_(0.5)-MOF nanosheet-like morphology with the optimum characteristic Tb^(3+) ion green emission exhibited great potential acting as fluorescence probe for highly sensitive Fe^(3+) and Cr_(2)O_(7)^(2−) detection. The Tb^(3+)-doped Y-MOF nanosheets show a fast response time of less than 1 s for Fe^(3+) ions. They also have low detection limits of 0.40 and 0.26 µM toward Fe^(3+) and Cr_(2)O_(7)^(2−) ions, respectively, as well as excellent stability. This work paves the way to explore intriguing hierarchical MOF-based luminescent materials for efficient fluorescence sensing applications.
  • 摘要：Thermochemical conversions are pathways for biomass utilization to produce various value-added energy and chemical products. For the development of novel thermochemical conversion technologies, an accurate understanding of the reaction performance and kinetics is essential. Given the diversity of the thermal analysis techniques, it is necessary to understand the features and limitations of the reactors, ensuring that the selected thermal analysis reactor meets the specific need for reaction characterization. This paper provides a critical overview of the thermal analysis reactors based on the following perspectives: 1) gas flow conditions in the reactor, 2) particle’s external and internal heat and mass transfer limitations, 3) heating rate, 4) temperature distribution, 5) nascent char production and reaction, 6) liquid feeding and atomization, 7) simultaneous sampling and analyzing of bed materials, and 8) reacting atmosphere change. Finally, prospects and future research directions in the development of analysis techniques are proposed.

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