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中国林业科技：英文版

中国林业科技：英文版

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  • 创刊时间：2002
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中国林业科技：英文版 >2012年第z1期

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  • 摘要：The anatomy characteristics of cell wall and lignin distribution in different anatomical regions for 12-month-old bamboo species Pseudosasa amabilis was investigated.The lignin distribution was studied by means of optical microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope and the color reaction. In addition,the distribution of lignin in different tissues(fiber,parenchyma and vessel) was investigated by visible-light microspectrophotometry coupled with the Wiesner and Maule reaction.The cell walls of different tissues were all lignified and the lignin was widely distributed in different tissues, in which there was a difference between tissues and anatomical regions in lignin content.Guaiacyl lignin and syringyl lignin unit could be found in cell wall of fiber,parenchyma and vessel through Wiesner and Maule reaction and the absorbance peak of spectrum. There was no regular variation in lignin content with different radial location of culms and different location in fiber strands.The lamellation of the fiber cell wall was generally had as alternating broad and narrow layers with alternating low and high concentration of lignin.
  • 摘要：The local damages such as knots,decay, and cracks can be translated into a reduction of service life due to mechanical and environmental loadings.In wood construction,it is very important to evaluate the weakest location and detect damage at the earliest possible stage to avoid the future catastrophic failure.In this study,the modal testing was operated on wood beams to generate the first two mode shapes.A novel statistical algorithm was proposed to extract the damage indicator by computing the modal flexibility curvature before and after damage in timbers.The different damage severities,damage locations,and damage counts were simulated by removing mass from intact beams to verify the algorithm.The results showed that the proposed statistical algorithm was effective and suitable to the designed damage scenarios.It was reliable to detect and locate local damages under different severities,locations,and counts.The peak values of the damage indicators computed from the first two mode shapes were sensitive to different damage severities and locations.They were also reliable to detect the multiple damages.
  • 摘要：In order to raise the precision of stress wave imaging technology(SWIT),under the conditions of different area and outline of simulated cavity defects in timber discs of spruce,different number of used sensors,the relationship between imaging graph defects and real defects is studied. The result shows:SWIT can display graph of defects,the precision of imaging graph relates to rate of real defect area and area of the tested wood cross section,the number of used sensors and outline shape of the defects.When the rate rises from 1.6% to 25.0%,the relative error of graph defect area and real defect area drops from 22.6%to 9.7%.When the number of used sensors is from 6 to 24,the graph of SWIT can show the existence of real defect. But the number of sensors used influences the precision of SWIT.Outline shape of defects has certain effect on detection of defects.Under the condition of the same defect area,the defects of long and narrow shape are easy to be shown by graph.The relation error of defect area of suborbicular shape is smaller than that of long and narrow shape.
  • 摘要：By adopting the 100℃drying test method,the drying characteristics and drying schedule of the pre-frozen and unfrozen Eucalyptus pellita wood were studied.The results show that the pre-freezing treatment reduced the initial crack, inner crack and cross section deformation of wood, and the drying quality for the frozen wood was superior to that for the control.
  • 摘要：The key problems of preparing water-based nano TiO2 wood preservatives are the particle’s agglomeration and dispersion.The influences of adding titanate NDZ-105 and sodium hexamet aphosphate on transmittance,effects of dispersion modification on crystal type,distribution and interface characteristics of modified TiO2 in wood were studied by photometric,XRD,SEM and FTIR analysis,respectively.The results show that the dispersion of nano TiO2 suspension firstly increased, then decreased as the amount of the two kinds of dispersed agent increased,when addition amount of titanate N DZ-105,six partial sodium were separately 5%and 3%-5%,the nano TiO2 wood preservatives were obtained that their dispersive property were stabilized.After dispersion modification,the TiO2 maintained the crystal diffraction characteristics of anatase;the nano TiO2 distributed in wood successfully,showing a granule or ball-shaped,and the hydrogen bond and covalent bond were combined between wood and nano-TiO2,but only hydrogen bond was combined between wood cellulose and IPBC.
  • 摘要：The effects of mass concentration,the reaction temperature and the reaction time of soy protein isolate(SPI) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the adhesive strength of the modified SPI adhesives has been studied through orthogonal experiments.And the adhesive mechanism of the modified SPI adhesives was discussed.The results show that the optimum formula conditions are as follows:mass concentration of SPI was 14%,that of SDS 1%,reaction temperature 35℃and the reaction time 3 h.Under the optimum conditions, the dry adhesive strength of the modified SPI adhesives was 1.82 MPa,the wet adhesive strength was 0.82 MPa,the viscosity was 5.8 Pa·s,the solid content was 12.96%.After SDS was added into SPI, the composites of SDS-SPI were formed,the internal hydrophobic groups among the SPI molecule structure were turned out and the water resistance of the modified SPI adhesives was enhanced with an increase of the modification time.When the concentration of SDS was over a defined value,the disulfide bond was broken and the modification effect of SDS went bad.
  • 摘要：The latest research progress of binderless board was summarized in the view of the existing binderless technology at home and abroad,and according to the bonding mechanism of binderless board,the problems an d questions in its manufacture and application at present were summed up,at last,the effect of bindless board forming process on the development of artificial board industry in China was prospected.
  • 摘要：To know more about the bond layer’s long term properties between carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) sheets and the wood member as well as its connecting point,shear creep performance was studied using a consistent load with the Burger model.And samples were placed in dry conditions (temperature 60℃,relative humidity 90%) and wet conditions(temperature 24℃,relative humidity 45%).Results showed that the Burger model precisely simulated the bond layer’s short-term shear performance(correlative coefficient R~2≥98%). Compared to dry conditions,with wet conditions, the amount of creep was larger.Also,with an increase in thickness of the bond layer,creep deformation and stress relaxation increased.For high stress levels,a high creep rate,which could lead to a fracture of the bond layer,should be contained. Under the consideration of safety,a pressure(above 0.05 MPa) should be placed on the connection process between CFRP and wood to reduce the thickness of the bond layer.Also,in application,the shear stress level of the bond layer should be maintained within 50%of the maximum stress level.
  • 摘要：This article discussed the changes in color and chemical components on the surfaces of wood flour(WF)/high density polyethylene(HDPE) composite used outdoor in different orientation.Light stabilizer,antioxidant,and iron oxide red were introduced to reduce the changes when exposed to accelerate ultraviolet aging.The results showed that WF/HDPE composite changed significantly in color after only one month natural weathering in hot summer,especially for those facing to south and east orientation.FTIR test showed CO increased and wood index decreased.Compared to photostabilizer and antioxidant,iron oxide red pigment reduced color change more significantly.However,neither of these additives could obviously prevent flexural properties decreasing.
  • 摘要：In this study,the durability of rubber wood(Hevea brasiliensis) which was thermally treated at 170,185,200,and 215℃for 3 h respectively was investigated.The results showed that the durability of heat-treated rubber wood was improved,and the improvement became more obvious with the increase of the treating temperature. When treated at 185℃or lower temperature,the decay resistance of treated wood had no significant improvement.The lowest weight losses were 21.6%and 6.8%after attack by brown rot fungi(Gloeophyllum trabeum) and white rot fungi (Coriolus versicolor) respectively,which were reached by the specimens treated at 215℃.Their resistance to mold fungi was not improved,but the heat-treated wood performed better than untreated wood when both were painted.In field test,the heat-treated specimens exhibited no advantage in termite resistance compared to untreated.
  • 摘要：The effect of nano-ZnO,at concentrations of 2.0,10.0,20.0,and 40.0 g·kg-1,on mold resistance and flame retardance of Pinus massoniana was studied.Results showed that both drug loading and mold resistance improved as the concentration of nano-ZnO increased with the time to mold initiation for the treated P.massoniana being 3-4 weeks longer than the untreated.The time to ignition（TTI） of P.massoniana treated by nano-ZnO at 2.0 g·kg-1 was 7 s later than the untreated sample,and the total smoke release（TSR） with 20.0 g·kg-1 was lower than the untreated.The treated P.massoniana differed slightly from the untreated in heat release rate（HRR）,total heat release（THR）,mass loss rate （MLR）,and effective heat of combustion（EHC）.
  • 摘要：The properties and structures of 3D-Cf/ SiC composites prepared by rapid precursor infiltration pyrolysis process were studied.PCS solution was infiltrated into 3D-carbon fiber perform in vacuum,then these performs were dried at room temperature and pyrolyzed with three kinds of heating rate,3 900 min,1 500 min and 1 000 min respectively.The distinction of 3D-Cf/SiC samples fabricated at three kinds of heating rate was not obvious.Bending strength of sample at 1 000 min heating rate was 762.5 MPa,and a little better than the others.Three samples at various heating rate had similar micro-graph of fracture surface and fracture toughness.The research results show that mechanics performances of Cf/SiC composites did not decrease when heating rate was properly increased.
  • 摘要：Straw fiber-reinforced cement board made from straw fiber and cement was prepared by semi-dry processing technology to investigate the effects of alkali treatment on the mechanical properties of the board.The results indicate that the board fibers were treated with 1%alkali solution showed obvious improvements in mechanical properties.After alkali treatment,hemi-celluloses of straw fiber were hydrolyzed and dissolved,which avoided hemi-celluloses hydrolyzing into monosaccharide to hinder the solidifying of cement. The fibers surface became rough,which increased the mechanical interweaving force between cement and fibers.Thereby the board’s mechanical properties were improved.At the same time,the increase of tensile strength and aspect ratio of the fibers improved the mechanical properties.
  • 摘要：Microfibrilled cellulose(MFC) is a new kind of nanoscale cellulose functional materials, having broad application prospects in many fields like food,medicine,cosmetic,paint,paper and pulp engineering,composite materials,et al.The research on MFC has been extensively conducted for the past 30 years in some developed countries,and even some relevant products have appeared in the market.On the contrast,similar studies in China were rather limited.This paper firstly introduced the properties and application of MFC briefly,and then gave more detailed description on the preparation technology of MFC and its important performance indexes. Several suggestions on the future study on MFC were also proposed.
  • 摘要：Both of straight and inclining poplar clone 107 tree were selected for studying materials in this paper.The optimal pulping conditions was established by orthogonal experimental design both for normal wood and tension wood,and the quality of pulping and paper-making between normal wood and tension wood was compared with each other. Finally,potential application for improving paper quality of tension wood through increasing beating revolutions was discussed.The result showed that the optimal cooking condition for normal wood was alkali concentration 15%,the highest temperature 164℃,time at highest temperature 75 min,and for tension wood it was alkali concentration 13%,the highest temperature 160℃,time at highest temperature 40 min.Path coefficient of effect of alkali concentration both on pulp yield and kappa value was significant at different levels.By comparison between average result of normal wood and tension wood in quality of pulping and paper-making,it was found that tension wood had higher pulping yield and lower kappa value than normal wood. Furthermore,for all mechanical properties of paper, normal wood hold higher value than tension wood, and even near two times than tension wood,such as burst index and tensile index.However,difference of tear index was quite narrow.Result of one way ANOVA showed that difference of burst index and tear index between normal wood and tension wood was significant at the 0.001 level,of tear index was significant at the 0.05 level.Based on observation of cross surface of paper,it was assumed that contribution of gelatinous layer to rigidity of single fiber had hampered collapse and compression of fiber during paper formation,which is essential for exerting combination between fibers in paper.So, mechanical properties of tension wood paper were decreased accordingly.However,owing to high cellulose content of gelatinous layer,tension wood was easier to pulping than normal wood.Mechanical properties of tension wood paper could be improved by increasing beating revolutions,the final value even close to normal wood paper.But,the increasing effect had a limit.
  • 摘要：A mass of heat will be generated inside the wood by the direct interaction between microwave electromagnetic filed and water molecule or polar group in wood,which can be used to dry wood quickly or for the modification pretreatment of wood.Based on the physical law on heat transfer,a mathematical model to describe the temperature profiles of wood during microwave drying was established and simulated in this research.The results showed that the temperature profiles and its uniformity inside wood are dependent on the microwave heating methods during a microwave drying.The temperature inside wood gradually decreased along the direction of microwave transmission when the unilateral microwave heating was applied during wood drying, and the curve of temperature profiles along the thickness direction of wood is not flat.The temperature gradient with the interior temperature higher than the one in the surface layers was presented inside wood when the bilateral microwave heating were applied for wood microwave drying. Compared with the unilateral microwave heating method,the temperature distribution is more uniform along the thickness direction inside wood for the bilateral microwave heating.
  • 摘要：The dynamic viscoelastic properties of bamboo were tested by dynamic mechanics analyzer (DMA),and the measurements were done in the temperature range of 40℃ to 300℃at frequencies of 3 Hz.The results showed that with the increase of irradiation dose,the decrease of storage modulus with increasing temperature became more dramatically.The decrease extent of storage modulus was the lowest for non-irradiated bamboo.Two mechanical relaxation processes were observed for all kinds of irradiated bamboo.The a relaxation process in lower temperature range was due to glass transition of hemicellulose and login,while the β relaxation process occurred in higher temperature range was based on glass transition of cellulose.The loss peak strength ofαrelaxation process went up as the irradiation dose increase,while the loss peak strength of β relaxation process became up first and then down,which was caused by the chemical reaction of the chief composition of bamboo.
  • 摘要：Bamboo OSB(BOSB) medium experimental line and key equipments are presented for the first time based on the analysis of BOSB production technologies and processes requirements. Component of BOSB medium experimental line and key equipments stated.The paper illustrated BOSB flaker,glue blender,orienting former.Then medium experimental line is given to a great deal of test run and optimization.The tests indicated that the medium experimental line operated smoothly for producing BOSB.Tested BOSB key performance indicators were higher than the LY/T 1580 - 2000(OSB /4).
  • 摘要：Taking extraction rate as an indicator,the extraction technology of Chinese-fir heartwood by supercritical carbon dioxide treatment was studied, and the extraction rate of the SFE-CO2 method was compared to that of traditional extraction method. The results show that when extraction processing condition were:extraction pressure 30 MPa,extraction temperature 40℃,extraction time 120 m,and flow velocity 20 kg/h,the extraction rate of SFE-CO2 was 0.99%,0.20%more than that of the traditional extraction method.However,taking the cost into consideration,it is proposed that the traditional extraction is used unless there are specific requirements.
  • 摘要：The effects of lay-up layer numbers on laminated bamboo bundle board’s physical and mechanical properties and connection performance were analyzed.The results show that under the conditions of same layer numbers,along with the increase of the lay-up directions,the bending strength,bending modulus,compression strength and horizontal shear strength of the laminated board showed a downward trend,while using non-single direction lay-up structure,the board’s waterproof property was lower than that of single lay-up board, but the board’s connection performance was raised. Therefore,in the real application,with the condition of guaranteeing the mechanical properties of the board to meet operating requirements,the lay-up directions should be increased to improve the board’s connection performance and to increase the board’s safety.
  • 摘要：The volatiles release behavior of poplar powder has been studied by TD-GC/MS online technique at different temperatures.The results show that the proportion of main harmful components was higher than that of beneficial in the volatiles of poplar powder at 40℃ and 90℃,the harmful components was 1.7 times higher than beneficial components. The proportions of main beneficial and harmful components were equivalent at 60℃,while the main beneficial components was 5.42 times higher than that of harmful.Taking poplar wood powder as substrate to prepare wood powder-based composites by high-pressure no-gel molding compaction between the temperature of lignin softening point and wood materials carbonization(about 150-180℃) can present a satisfactory environmental friendliness.
  • 摘要：Organic biocides as timber preservatives have aroused more and more attention,because metal salts especially arsenic,chrome and so on, have been suspected to be poisonous to the soil and aquatic animals,as well as the disposal of preserved timber wastes.Therefore,a number of effective organic biocides have been selected to prevent wood or bamboo from decay,mildew, stain and so on.Most of these products have entered into the market.With people’s increasing awareness of the environmental protection,organic biocides will eventually play important roles in timber preservation in the future.This paper summarized the studies on application of organic biocides as wood or bamboo preservatives,including resistant mechanisms,commonly applied types and effects against wood or bamboo fungi,approaches to detecting the amount of organic biocides in timber and their influences on the environment.Based on the discussion above,the authors predicted the developing prospect of organic biocides in timber preservation.
  • 摘要：bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis) residue was subjected to steam explosion treatment to produce superior fibers for binderless boards.Then,lignin was isolated from extract-free bamboo meal,steam exploded pulp,and binderless boards with characteristics being determined by thermo-gravimetry (TG),differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Results showed that:1) the yield of lignin directly extracted with dioxane-water from steam exploded bamboo pulp(SEBPL) and binderless board (SEBBL) was higher than that of milled bamboo lignin (MBL).Also,the yield of SEBBL was lower than that of SEBPL.2) FTIR results showed cleavage of ester and ether bonds between lignin and p-coumaric acid during steam explosion treatment.3) SEBBL showed two glass transitions at 115℃and 200℃, while MBL gave one glass transitions at 155℃.And 4) the modulus of rupture(MOR) and modulus of elasticity(MOE) decreased with an increase in steaming time;whereas internal bonding(IB) increased.In all cases the dimensional stability of boards did not exceed the maximum requirements for type GB/T 11718- 1999.
  • 摘要：Approximating-nature forestry management technique application research is developed in Ciinninghamia lanceolata plantation for 17 years at Jiuxian Forest Farm in Songxi County, Fujian Province.The results show that the biodiversity of the C.lanceolata plantation was increased from 48.5±3.3 to 74.6±3.3 after adopting close-to-nature forestry management techniques.Compared with conventional management method,the tested forest’s soil fertility was improved:the soil moisture-physical properties and soil exchange properties were ameliorated,the soil nutrient contents were increased;the average breast height,average tree height,individual volume,Chinese fir stand volume and stand total volume were promoted by 9.24%-17.64%,8.61%- 17.29%,27.94%-58.46%,2.38%-28.64%and 8.63%-37.55%,respectively.The worse the site conditions,the greater the effect indexes with close-to -nature forestry management techniques were improved.
  • 摘要：The economic benefits and optimal rotation age of Larix kaempferi pulpwood plantation were analyzed under stochastic pulpwood price using real options approach in order to more effectively management to L.kaempferi pulpwood plantation in northern sub-tropical alpine area.Flexible rotation age and threshold price to different stand age of different site index plantation were developed.The result indicated that:1) the optimal rotation age of L.kaempferi plantation in site index 15,17,19,21 was 25,23,21 and 19 a,respectively,as the current pulpwood price equals 500 yuan·m-3,and the shortest rotation age was 23,20,17 and 15 a when facing to better price;and 2) Wait option should be the optimum strategy in any pulpwood price level when the stand age is lower than the shortest rotation age.
  • 摘要：The differentiation process including somatic embryogenesis in different Ginkgo explants in vitro culture were studied by cytological observation.The results are as follows:1) two complete cotyledons and a embryo bud were observed in mature embryos and several secretory acavitives appeared in maturation region of embryo buds,hypocotyls,cotyledons and radicles after culturing 20 days;two incomplete cotyledons and a embryo bud primordia were found in large cotyledon embryos.The proembryo of two cells,four cells, multi-cellular,and globular embroy were developed from the callus of the small cotyledon embryos.2) The differentiation of cotyledon explants started from epidermal cells,and gradually formed meristematic cell mass in the cortical cells,and eventually adventitious buds were observed.3) The adventitious roots of Ginkgo originated in the cells at the cross of vascular cambium and vascular rays. 4) The type of rooting belongs to induction type by root primordium.The formed adventitious roots were observed after 20 days.
  • 摘要：Global warming is one of the hottest environment problems.One of the reasons is the sharp increase of CO2 in atmosphere.Soil respiration in forest ecosystems accounts to 60%-90%of total ecosystem respiration and is therefore one of the key components of the global C cycle.This paper summarized different responses of soil respiration to forest management measures,and described the relevant researches at home and abroad on the effect of management measures like harvesting,forest fertilization,soil improving(Liming),litter removal, and prescribed burning on soil respiration.
  • 摘要：Plantation resource is an important component of forest resources.Overall plantation quality is not high in China,and the problems like low growth,low preserving rate and low productivity are commonly observed.This paper reviewed the historical background of the research on plantation productivity,described factors affecting plantation productivity including site conditions,initial planting density,thinning measures,ground clearance,and continuous planted algebra and fertilization.Finally,it was proposed to carry out key technology system research on plantation productivity maintenance and strengthen the research on the long-termness, systematic development and multi-purpose of plantation productivity.
  • 摘要：Water is an important component in plant cells with plant aquaporin being the major protein for water transport in and between plant cells.As a subfamily of plant aquaporins,the plasma membrane intrinsic proteins（PIPs） located in the plasma membrane are classic,high water,selective channel proteins.This paper focuses on recent advances in the molecular biology of PIPs concerning structural characteristics,biological function,and a regulation mechanism.PIPs possess two highly conserved domains:GGGANXXXXGY and TGI/TNPARSL/FGAAI/VI/VFWF/YN.PIPs can also be divided into two phylogenetic subgroups named PIP1 and PIP2.PIP1 possesses longer N terminal sequences and shorter C terminal sequences than PIP2 with conserved amino acid sequences respectively.Studies of transgenic plants and expression in Xenopus oocytes cells indicate that PIPs not only may facilitate transport of water and small neutral solutes like CO2 and glycerin,but they also possess many physiological functions. The functions of plant aquaporins are regulated by many factors including post-translational modification,heteromerization,pH value,and divalent cations.These results indicated that PIPs act as a pivotal role in water and small neutral solutes transport in plants.
  • 摘要：Selenium(Se) is an essential trace element, which humans and animals take directly or indirectly from plants.This paper reviewed the recent research progress on speciation of selenium compounds in plants,including the kinds of selenium compounds and their metabolic pathways,and the technology for sample treatment,separation,and determination. Organic selenium compounds are the major parts of the selenium speciation in plants.The technology of ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction combined with enzymatic hydrolysis is useful in sample preparation.HPLC-ICP-MS is widely used in determining selenium speciation.It is important to develop more standard selenium compounds and pay more attention to selenoprotein in plants.ESMS,ESMS -MS and MALDI-TOF can be applied to identifying the unknown selenium compounds.The application of IDA in determining both the metabolic pathways and the structure of large selenium molecules will be a major aspect for the future research.

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