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传统医学研究（TMR）

传统医学研究（TMR）

Traditional Medicine Research is an international peer-reviewed, Open Access journal. It is dedicated to report the research progress in clinical efficacy, action mechanism and theoretical research on traditional medicine, including traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Indian medicine, Persian medicine, regional medicine, minority medicine and other traditional medicine research around the world. In addition to the editorial, review, basic research and clinical research, letters, news and comment, the following topics are also welcome: comparative research, academic hypothesis, methodological research, traditional literature research, annual advances, standard and guideline. Researches of traditional medicine which have definite historical records, ethnic feature, and regional distribution are welcome especially. In order to focus on breakthrough research in a field, TMR insist on publishing special issues around a topic related to traditional medicine.
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  • 发文量：171
  • 被引量：14
  • H指数：0
  • 开始收录时间：2017,2(1)
  • CNKI综合因子：0.0
  • 维普期刊影响因子： 0.15
  • 万方期刊影响因子：0.0
  • 创刊时间：2015
  • 国内刊号/CN：-
    国际刊号/ISSN：2413-3973
  • 发行周期：双月刊
    邮发代号：-
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    主办单位：天津市金匮灵兰科技有限公司
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  • 主编：吴雄志
  • 电话：022-24142321
  • 邮箱：tmr@tmrjournals.com
  • 地址：天津市河东区大直沽中路伯苓大厦B座906
  • 邮编：300222
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  • 摘要：Background:As one of the eight effective traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of atypical pneumonia,compound Kushen injection(CKI)played an important role in combating pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus in China in 2003.CKI is known to inhibit inflammation,and its main chemical components,namely matrine and oxymatrine,can promote Th cells to recognize and eliminate viruses.In this study,network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to explore the mechanisms of CKI for treating coronavirus disease 2019.Methods:The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and other related literature were used to screen CKI’s active ingredients in the blood.Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,Swiss Target Prediction and STITCH were used to search for potential targets of the active ingredients.The“ingredient-target”network was constructed using the Cytoscape software.The STRING online database was used to construct a target protein-protein interaction network that can be visualized and analyzed using the Cytoscape software to obtain key targets.Results:Sophocarpine,sophoridine,matrine,(+)-allomatrine,AIDS211310,and sophranol were the six active ingredients.After docking the active ingredients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 23CL hydrolase and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),they displayed suitable affinity,which could block viral replication and its binding to ACE2.The key targets mainly involved inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor(TNF).Gene Ontology enrichment analysis mainly indicated the IL-6 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway and cytokine-mediated signaling pathway.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway enrichment analysis mainly indicated steroid hormone biosynthesis and the TNF signaling pathway.Conclusion:The alkaloids in CKI can block viral replication and its binding to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and ACE2 receptors.They regulate the IL-6-mediated signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,and steroid hormone biosynthesis,thereby initiating therapeutic responses against coronavirus disease 2019.
  • 摘要：Background:Miscarriage or spontaneous ending to a pregnancy takes place at the early stages of pregnancy without intervention.Pregnant women may use medicinal herbs to relieve some of the symptoms of pregnancy as they believe that all herbs are safe.Some abortion-inducing herbs were mentioned by the famous Iranian philosophers,Avicenna and Aghili,in documents of traditional Persian medicine titled Al-Qanun Fi Al-Tibb(The Canon of Medicine,written by Avicenna in the 11th century)and Makhzan Al-adviyah(The Storehouse of Medicaments,written by Aghili in the 18th century).Methods:Electronic databases such as PubMed,Scopus,Google Scholar,Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched to find new scientific evidence that these plants are toxic during pregnancy.Data was collected from 1831 to 2019.Results:Twenty-one plants were found to be abortive according to Al-Qanun Fi Al-Tibb(The Canon of Medicine)and Makhzan Al-adviyah(The Storehouse of Medicaments).Scientific research has shown that these plants possess abortifacient effects by the mechanisms of toxic alkaloids,uterine stimulants,and emmenagogue that interferes with implantation and results in fetus toxicity.These studies included in vivo or in vitro studies.Some of these plants showed abortifacient effects by more than one mechanism.Ruta graveolens,Nigella sativa,Curcuma longa,Lupinus termis,Apium graveolens,Mentha longifolia,and Peganum harmala possess uterine stimulant properties.Ruta graveolens,Juniperus sabina,Cicer arietinum,Piper longum,Artemisia absinthium,and Citrullus colocynthis interfere with implantation.Ruta graveolens,Nigella sativa,Curcuma longa,Tanacetum parthenium,Piper longum,Laurus nobilis,Apium graveolens,Mentha longifolia,and Cinnamomum iners exhibit emmenagogue effects.Lupinus termis,Delphinium staphisagria,Laurus nobilis,Trigonella foenum-graecum,Zataria multiflora,and Artemisia absinthium contain toxic alkaloids and possess teratogenic effects.Conclusion:The results of this study of traditional Persian medicine resources have been confirmed with new scientific evidence.Therefore,pregnant women should avoid consuming herbs without knowledge of their safety.
  • 摘要：Dr.Roshanak Ghods is working as an associate professor in the Department of Persian Medicine(PM),Iran University of Medical Sciences(IUMS),Tehran-Iran.She has done her medical degree in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences,Rafsanjan-Iran(2001),and her Ph.D.in PM from IUMS,Tehran-Iran(2014).She has qualified for being an academic member at 2014 and very soon selected as the dean of the faculty of PM of IUMS due to her scientific and management capabilities(resigned by her request at 2017).
  • 摘要：Recently,a number of reports about pangolin have become hot news:The Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition)has not continued to include the drug-using standards for pangolin(Manis Squama),aristolochic(Aristolochia debilis Sieb.et Zucc),celestial vine(Fibraurea recisa Pierre),and Chinese patent drug Huanglian Yanggan pills(approval number by China State Food and Drug Administration:Z200113194).On June 5,2020,the China Forestry Administration Bureau and the Grassland Bureau co-issued an announcement to upgrade all the species of genus pangolins from the national second level of the protected wildlife to the first level.The new coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)is also highly similar to the beta coronavirus isolated from pangolin[1].
  • 摘要：Background Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is the set of knowledge and practices concerning life,health,illness prevention,and treatment that originated in China thousands of years ago.Presently,TCM is still one of the mainstream medical systems,and has been given an equal legal status and place as Western medicine in the healthcare system of China[1].Whether it was the plague in ancient times or the SARS and influenza A in the past decades,TCM has always played a major role in the prevention and treatment of diseases[2].
  • 摘要：Background:Green coffee beans contain biochemical compounds including caffeine,chlorogenic acid,trigonelline,and diterpenoid alcohols.In traditional Iranian medicine,coffee bean powder is used for the treatment of wounds.Previous studies have shown that green coffee bean extract has a number of health benefits,including induction of weight loss,reduced blood pressure,and hepatoprotective and anti-Parkinson effects.The aim of this study was to investigate the wound-healing activity of green coffee bean extract on a full-thickness wound model.Methods:Full-thickness wounds of 20×20 mm were created on the back of New Zealand white rabbits.The animals were divided into 6 groups.Three concentrations of green coffee bean extract(5%,10%,and 15%w/w)in a eucerin base were applied over the wounds in 3 test groups.One percent phenytoin cream was used in one group as a positive control.The rabbits of negative control and vehicle groups received no treatment and eucerin,respectively.For the evaluation of green coffee bean extract’s wound-healing effects,measures included:(1)wound-closure rate,by daily measuring of the wound surface area and calculating the reduction in area;(2)period of epithelialization,the number of days until the scab dropped from the wound;(3)hydroxyproline content,measured by a hydroxyproline assay kit;(4)lipid peroxidation,measured by a lipid peroxidation assay kit;and(5)histopathological state(hematoxylin-eosin stain)of wound-tissue samples on days 7 and 14 post-wounding.Results:The results of this study showed significantly enhanced wound-closure rate,shorter period of epithelialization(P<0.01),increased hydroxyproline content(P<0.001)and suppressed lipid peroxidation(P<0.001 on day 14)of wounds on animals treated with the 10%green coffee bean extract compared to the negative control and eucerin-treated groups.Moreover,the therapeutic effects of 10%green coffee bean were significantly superior than those of phenytoin on enhancing wound-closure rate,decreasing period of epithelialization(P<0.05),increasing hydroxyproline content(P<0.001 on day 7 and P<0.0001 on day 14)and suppressing lipid peroxidation(P<0.0001 on day 14).In addition,histopathological study supported the wound healing activity of green coffee bean extract.Conclusion:Our results showed that green coffee bean extract has a potential for promoting wound healing,thus supporting its traditional use for this purpose.
  • 摘要：Diabetic neuropathy(DN)is the most common form of neuropathy worldwide,with its prevalence rising alongside diabetes,and being characterized by sensory,motor or autonomic symptoms.DN is considered to be an incurable complication of diabetes,the management of which mainly consists of improving glycemic control,managing pain relief and ensuring continuous foot care.Although gabapentin,duloxetine and tricyclic antidepressants are commonly used to reduce patient symptoms,they do not affect the pathophysiology and progression of neuropathy.Furthermore,these drugs can have various side effects including insomnia,decreased appetite,arrhythmia,heart failure,and suicidal behavior.According to traditional Persian medicine,DN is recognized as a type of“Khadar”or“Esterkha”(a sensory or motor disorder,respectively)that occurs due to the accumulation of sugars in the peripheral nerves.Capparis spinosa L.,commonly known as the caper plant,has been recommended in authentic sources of traditional Persian medicine to treat such disorders.In this study,we reviewed the pharmacological properties of C.spinosa using the Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus and Google Scholar databases,and found that Capparis spinosa L.could affect several pathways involved in DN pathogenesis,including aldose reductase activity,the secretion of inflammatory mediators(IL-17,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6),oxidative stress,hyperlipidemia,hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end product formation.Based on these findings,we hypothesize that Capparis spinosa L.,may prevent the progression and reduce the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy,and so can be considered as a complementary treatment in this disorder.This hypothesis should be evaluated in well-designed in vitro and in vivo studies,and through clinical trials.
  • 摘要：Background: Pyrosis and regurgitation are the cardinal symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Severalherbs have been used for treating gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. This systematic review was conducted toinvestigate the effects of medicinal herbs on gastroesophageal reflux disease and adverse events. Methods:MEDLINE (via PubMed;The United States National Library of Medicine, USA), Scopus, ScienceDirect,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Magiran, and Scientific Information Databasewere systematically searched for human studies, without a time frame, using medical subject heading terms such as“gastroesophageal reflux disease”, “reflux”, “esophagitis” and “herbs”. Manual searches completed the electronicsearches. Results: Thirteen randomized controlled trials were identified, including 1,164 participants from 1,509publications. In comparing herbal medicine to placebo, there were no significant differences in terms of heartburn(P = 0.23 and 0.48), epigastric or abdominal pain (P = 0.35), reflux syndrome (P = 0.12), and effective rate (P =0.60), but there was a significant difference in terms of acid regurgitation (P = 0.01). In comparing herbal medicineto drugs, there was a significant difference in terms of effective rate (P = 0.001), and there was one trial thatreported a significant difference in terms of epigastric pain (P = 0.00001). Also, in comparing herbal medicine todrugs, there were no significant differences in terms of acid regurgitation (P = 0.39). Conclusion: Thismeta-analysis showed that herbal medicines are effective in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease. Furtherstandardized researches with a large-scale, multicenter, and rigorous design are needed.
  • 摘要：There is a dramatic increase in the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is slowly turning into apandemic as well as a major challenge across the world. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is described as a range ofliver conditions such as fat accumulation, hepatic steatosis, or end-stage liver disease. Patients with nonalcoholicfatty liver disease are asymptomatic and their mortality is higher than people without nonalcoholic fatty liverdisease. The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has not been clearly determined yet. The “two hits”hypothesis is designed to explain the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dyslipidemia, oxidativestress, insulin resistance, obesity, and chronic inflammation are some of the morbidities involved in the progressionof nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is an herbaceous perennial, known as chicory.Chicory contains various compounds, such as vitamins, sonchuside A, caffeic acid derivatives,fructo-oligosaccharides, chlorogenic acid, magnolialide, polysaccharides, coumarins, phenolic acids, terpenoids,flavonoids, polyphenol, cichoriosides, ixerisosides, eudesmanolides, inulin, bitter sesquiterpene lactones, andalkaloids. Current research has revealed that chicory supplementation might be effective in the treatment ofnonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic,antihyperglycemic, and antioxidant properties of chicory provide plausible mechanisms by which chicory mayaffect the various steps of disease progression and severity. Existing studies have shown that chicorysupplementation has beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but the existence of only one humanstudy and possible side effects of chicory necessitate further studies.
  • 摘要：Delphinium denudatum Wall.is one of the important medicinal herbs of traditional Persian medicine and is known as Jadwar.Medicinal plants are the most widely used drugs in traditional Persian medicine and has been used for various diseases since earlier times.The medicinal uses of Delphinium denudatum Wall.date back to over 1,000 years ago.Rhazes(845–925 C.E.)was the first Persian physician and scientist who reported the use of Delphinium denudatum Wall.as a herbal remedy.During the following centuries,the usages of Delphinium denudatum Wall.in the treatment of various diseases has been mentioned in the books and references of traditional Persian medicine for cures to various diseases such as neurologic and psychiatric disease,gastrointestinal disease,fever,pain,and poisoning.According to modern studies,the dried roots of Delphinium denudatum Wall.have antipyretic,antimicrobial,anticonvulsant,hepatoprotective,antioxidant,and pain-relieving properties.Biomolecules from roots of Delphinium denudatum Wall.were also identified as potential cures for central nervous system diseases as well as for the amelioration of morphine addiction.Delphinium denudatum Wall.,with its properties involving the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction,reduction of oxidative stress,and inflammation and immune dysregulation,can be utilized in curing inflammatory disorders.The effective therapeutic influence of root extract of Delphinium denudatum Wall.against several diseases needs to be confirmed through controlled clinical trials.This article reviews the different features of Delphinium denudatum Wall.and focuses on the well-known therapeutic effects of this herbal drug on various human disorders and animal disease models.
  • 摘要：One of the most extensively used herbs in traditional Persian medicine (TPM) used in the treatment ofgastrointestinal (GI) disorders, is the plant Artemisia absinthium Linn. (AAL). It also has a wide range of activitiessuch as analgesic and anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial activities, hepatoprotective,and neuroprotective activities in addition to having gastroprotective effects. This article is a review comparingTPM resources with new medicines. This review investigates this herb in major TPM sources and strives toextrapolate the exact function it serves in the digestive tract and compares the collected information on the functionof AAL with information found in new medical resource databases such as ISI, Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar,and Scientific Information Database. AAL from the Asteraceae family of TPM, known as Afsentin, was used in thetreatment of GI weaknesses, stomach pains, swellings, intestinal parasites, diarrhea, and vomiting. AAL increasedappetite, so it was used for insect repellents and insecticide. Recent studies have indicated that the effects of thisplant improved the symptoms of Crohn''s disease and played a role in reducing inflammatory factors. It also hasstrong anti-parasitic, anti-insect, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant effects. Given the widespread use of AAL as atraditional medicine currently in use in different countries, particularly in the treatment of GI diseases, furtherclinical studies that focus on the therapeutic qualities of this plant are required in the future.
  • 摘要：On October 13,2020,the fourth board meeting of the Guangdong-Macau Joint Research Centre for New Drug Discovery against respiratory pathogens and the Macau Symposium on Translation of Baiyunshan Banlangen and Cooperation Agreement Signing Ceremony was held in Guangzhou.At the meeting,Zhong Nanshan,a recipient of Medal of the Republic and an academician in the Chinese Academy of Engineering,revealed that a series of in vitro studies performed by his research team had found Baiyunshan Compound Banlangen granules to be effective in treating COVID-19[1].Driven by this message,the Aand H-share prices of Baiyunshan pharmaceutical increased to a large scale,with the former hitting the daily limit-up price at mid-session and the latter exceeding 13%of increases at one point during the session.
  • 摘要：Background Identifying the active ingredients from natural herbal medicines and demonstrating their potential mechanisms are key points in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)field.In recent years,increasing studies have focused on the effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal formulas.Basic studies on these formulas further coincide with the theory and practical use of TCM according to the clinical experiences for thousands of years.Single compounds have specific molecular structures;therefore,their methodologies in effect and mechanism studies are similar in both Western and Eastern medicines,making them more acceptable by researchers worldwide.
  • 摘要：Background:Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is a chronic renal microvascular complication associated with abnormal glucose metabolism.According to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,Qi and Yin deficiency with blood stasis(the name of TCM symptoms,its main clinical features are fatigue,dry mouth,red or pale tongue,weak pulse,etc.)is the primary TCM syndrome of DKD,and Qiming granule(QMG)is suitable for the treatment of Qi and Yin deficiency with blood stasis syndrome.In view of this,we designed a randomized controlled trial to assess whether QMG is efficacious and safe in treating DKD patients.Methods:This protocol is for a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel group,six-centre clinical trial.A total of 180 participants will be randomized into the QMG group or placebo group,with a 1:1 ratio.The study will last for 50 weeks,including a 2-week run-in period,24 weeks of intervention,and 24 weeks of follow-up.The experimental intervention will be QMG,and the control intervention will be a placebo.The primary outcome will be the 24h urinary albumin excretion ratio and the change in the albumin-to-creatinine ratio.The secondary outcome will be evaluation of renal function,fundus changes,management of blood lipids,TCM symptom improvement and safety assessments.Adverse events will be recorded during the trial.Discussion:This study is a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness and safety of QMG for DKD patients.The findings of this study will help to provide evidence-based recommendations in treating DKD patients.Trial registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR-TRC-12002953.Registered 23 December 2012.
  • 摘要：Background:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)can cause insulin resistance(IR)and diabetes.Our previous studies have demonstrated that Jian-Gan-Xiao-Zhi decoction(JGXZ)could be effective for the treatment of NAFLD and IR.However,the possible mechanism underlying the effects of JGXZ on NAFLD and IR remains unknown.Methods:Fifty rats received a high-fat high-carbohydrate(HFHC)diet for 12 weeks to induce NAFLD.After 4 weeks of HFHC treatment,rats were orally treated with JGXZ(8,16,and 32 g/kg weight)for 8 weeks.Ten rats in the control group received standard chow.In the positive control group,rats were orally treated with metformin(90 mg/kg weight)for 8 weeks.After JGXZ and metformin treatment,H&E staining was conducted on rat livers and serum biochemical markers,including alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),triglyceride(TG),and total cholesterol(TC),were measured using test kits.Moreover,a fasting blood glucose test and an oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)were conducted.Serum levels of insulin were determined using ELISA kit,and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)was calculated.The levels of total insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS1),AMP-activated protein kinase-α(AMPKα)and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)as well as the levels of phosphorylation of IRS1(p-IRS1),phosphorylation of AMPK(p-AMPK)and phosphorylation of JNK(p-JNK)were measured using western blotting.Results:The body weights in JGXZ low-,middle-,and high-dose groups were lower than those in the model group(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01,respectively).The serum levels of AST(P<0.05 in JGXZ middle-and high-dose groups),ALT(P<0.01 in JGXZ middle-dose group and P<0.05 in JGXZ high-dose group),TG(P<0.01 in JGXZ middle-and high-dose groups),and TC(P<0.01)upon JGXZ treatment were lower those than in NAFLD model rats.H&E staining showed that JGXZ treatment reduced steatosis of the hepatocytes in NAFLD model rats.JGXZ decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose(P<0.01),HOMA-IR(P<0.01),AUC(area under the curve)of the OGTT(P<0.05)and p-IRS1(P<0.01 in JGXZ middle-and high-dose groups,P<0.05 in JGXZ low-dose groups).Moreover,JGXZ regulated the hepatic AMPKα/JNK pathway in NAFLD model rats,which reflected the induction of p-AMPKαand inhibition of p-JNK.Conclusion:This study showed that JGXZ improved liver function and reduced steatosis of the hepatocytes in NAFLD model rats.Moreover,JGXZ improved IR in NAFLD model rats.The possible mechanism underlying the effects of JGXZ on NAFLD and IR involves the modulation of the AMPK/JNK pathway.
  • 摘要：Background:Hua-Zhuo-Kai-Yu decoction(HZKY)is an empirical formula in traditional Chinese medicine that is derived from the classic ancient prescription Da-Chai-Hu decoction.It has been demonstrated to have good clinical effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However,the mechanism by which HZKY acts on NAFLD remains unclear.In this study,network pharmacology was used to predict the potential targets of HZKY in NAFLD.Additionally,in vivo studies were conducted to validate the crucial pathways determined using network pharmacology.Methods:Active compounds in HZKY were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and Analysis Platform and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database,and the potential targets of compounds in HZKY were predicted using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and Analysis Platform,Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database,Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and PUBCHEM.In addition,targets involved in NAFLD were obtained from the GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases,and the potential targets of HZKY in NAFLD were identified based on the common potential targets between HZKY and NAFLD.Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to visualize crosstalk and identify the key genes from the potential targets of HZKY in NAFLD.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis was conducted to predict the pathways by which HZKY acts on NAFLD.Rats were fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce NAFLD and were then orally administered HZKY.Serum lipid levels and hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O staining results were assessed to determine the effects of HZKY in NALFD.Furthermore,the mechanisms of action of HZKY in NAFLD,as determined using network pharmacology,were validated based on the inhibition of apoptosis in the liver using Western blotting.Results:A total of 269 potential targets of 130 active compounds in HZKY were identified(oral bioavailability≥30%and drug-like≥0.18),and 62 targets were selected after being compared with the targets of NAFLD.Bcl-2-associated X protein(BAX),caspase3(CASP3),and caspase9(CASP9)were the key genes with the highest values of network connectivity.In addition,45 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways,including apoptosis,fatty acid synthesis,and estrogen signaling,were enriched according to the selected genes of HZKY.In vivo studies showed that the serum levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly elevated and the serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was decreased in the model group compared with those in the control group(P<0.01 for all).The expressions of BAX,CASP9,and CASP3 were upregulated in the model group compared with those in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.01,respectively),while HZKY treatment decreased the body weights and serum levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in NAFLD model rats(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.05,and P<0.05,respectively).Hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O staining indicated that HZKY treatment reduced steatosis in the hepatocytes.Moreover,HZKY treatment inhibited apoptosis in the liver by downregulating the expressions of BAX,CASP3,and CASP9(P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.05,respectively).Conclusion:Our study demonstrates that HZKY improves NAFLD by inhibiting apoptosis in the liver by reducing the levels of BAX,CASP3,and CASP9.
  • 摘要：Sinomenine,a major active ingredient from traditional Chinese medicine Qingfengteng(Sinomenium acutum(Thunb.)Rehd.et Wils.),has been proven to have anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-tumor,immunomodulatory and other pharmacological effects,and is clinically used for various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.However,due to complex molecular mechanisms and pathological characteristics in inflammatory and immune responses,the precise anti-inflammatory and immunological mechanisms of sinomenine are still unclear.This review summarizes the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms of sinomenine during recent years in rheumatoid arthritis,respiratory system,nervous system,digestive system and organ transplant rejection.The molecular pharmacological mechanisms of sinomenine responsible for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects were in detail introduced based on 3 aspects including cytokines induction,signal pathways modulation and immune cells function regulation.Moreover,this review also raises some concerns and challenges in future sinomenine study,which will contribute to crucial theoretical and practical significance for in-depth development and utilization of sinomenine as medicinal resource.
  • 摘要：Background:Vine tea from fermented Ampelopsis grossedentata leaves has been used as a herbal tea and folk medicine in the southern region of China for hundreds of years.The aim of this investigation was to analyze the total flavonoids found in vine tea,including three bioactive flavonoids,and the total phenolic contents in the aqueous methanol extracts of 10 vine tea samples.In addition,this study also aimed to examine the antioxidant activity of dihydromyricetin and vine tea’s flavonoid-rich extract.Methods:The total flavonoids and total phenolic content assay of extracts from vine tea were performed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and epoch microplate spectrophotometer,respectively.Three bioactive flavonoids were quantified simultaneously using high performance liquid chromatography.The antioxidant activity of dihydromyricetin and vine tea’s flavonoid-rich extract was evaluated in vitro using six different methods.Results:Vine tea contained a large number of flavonoids,with dihydromyricetin as its main constituent.The flavonoid-rich extract exhibited a significant scavenging effect on superoxide anion radicals,and on 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals.It also possessed definite activity in lipid peroxidation inhibition,ferric reduction,and the moderation of Fe2+ion chelation ability.There was a significant negative correlation between dihydromyricetin content and antioxidant activity in the vine tea samples,including superoxide anion radical scavenging activity(P=−0.754,P<0.05),lipid peroxidation inhibition activity(P=−0.759,P<0.05),ferric-reducing antioxidant power(P=−0.843,P<0.01),respectively.Dihydromyricetin played a dominant role in the antioxidant activities of the flavonoid-rich extract.Conclusion:Vine tea’s flavonoid-rich extract could be used as a new antioxidant source to safeguard against oxidative stress.
  • 摘要：Background:Traditional Chinese medicines are usually processed before they are used for clinical treatment.This is done in a way associated with the Maillard reaction.Methods:Based on the Maillard reaction,this paper analyzed the degree of processing of rehmannia root(Rehmanniae radix)relative to the dynamic variation rules of Maillard reaction index parameters,including pH,A420,amino acids,and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.Furthermore,this study introduced thermal analysis techniques and pyrolysis kinetics to assess the influence of the correlation between processing raw rehmannia root and the Maillard reaction during carbonization.It then went through the whole process of transforming the raw material to end-product in order to explain the scientific connotation of processing it.Results:The results showed that each time rehmannia root was processed,its pH value and amino acid content decreased,while the A420 value and 5-HMF increased.Processing with wine shows a significant difference in these experimental indexes.The position and intensity of the maximum thermal weight loss rate peak of processed rehmannia root at different degrees of processing are different.Comprehensive quantitative 221±0.2°C for processed rehmannia root carbonization was the processing temperature limit.Moreover,the kinetic solution verified that the activation energy corresponding to the carbonization temperature was close to the maximum value of the activation energy of the whole carbonization process,and the optimal mechanism function was g(α)=((1−α)−1/3−1)2.Conclusion:The Maillard reaction occurred during the processing of rehmannia root mixed with carbonization.With each increase of the number of steaming and drying cycles involved in the processing,the level of Maillard reaction increased significantly.The wine-steaming method had a significant effect on the quality of the processed product.
  • 摘要：Background:The main points of focus of bibliometric analysis of acupuncture treatment of diseases include pain(headache,low back pain),insomnia,and knee osteoarthritis,for example.In this paper,we analyze the frontiers,hotspots,and research trends of acupuncture over the past 30 years and compare them for each of three 10-year periods.Methods:All the studies on acupuncture research in three different periods(1990–1999,2000–2009,2010–2019)were collected from the Web of Science database.The evolution of the research,hotspots,and trends in acupuncture were explored intuitively by analyzing the frequency,betweenness centrality,and subject word clustering of the three periods.Results:(1)1990–1999,the main content relating to research was the mechanism of research of acupuncture treatment of pain.Naloxone was the high-frequency subject word,and centrality included,for example,the spinal cord,enkephalin,smoking cessation,and detoxification.The results of keyword cluster analysis showed that the main research content included capsaicin-induced neurogenic edema,chemical dependency treatment,afferent fiber,and sufferers from xerostomia.(2)2000–2009,during this stage,the frequency of keywords appeared in new research content such as randomized controlled trials of acupuncture and low back pain,but pain still dominated the main research content.From the perspective of intermediary centrality,along with the rise in randomized controlled trials,there were many important meta-analyses,as well as the management of acupuncture treatment.The main elements of the keyword cluster analysis included,for example,systematic review,randomized controlled pilot study,add-on therapy,brief overview,and ovarian morphology.(3)2010–2019,during this period,compared with the previous two stages,there was increased frequency of keywords,a growth in clinical randomized controlled trials,and distribution of centrality was evident in the emergence of acupuncture in care,osteoarthritis treatment,and breast cancer research.The keyword clustering covered,for example,neural specificity,inflammatory reaction,chronic pain,sleep pattern,and consort statement.Conclusion:This article summarizes the trend of development of acupuncture from 1990 to 2019 and compares the main research categories and hotspots in each of three different 10-year periods within this span,thereby helping elucidate the research direction within the field.
  • 摘要：Guided by the theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),TCM formula granules are made through the optimal process of extraction,concentration,drying,and granulation by combining modern new preparation technologies and pharmaceutical technologies.TCM formula granules are stable,safe,convenient,and effective.Compared with TCM decoction pieces,TCM formula granules can achieve the full process control of its industry chain from field to workshop and standardize the management of the origin of medicinal materials,processing of decoction pieces,processing technology,quality inspection,sales,and products distribution.TCM formula granules can partially replace Chinese patent medicines.Only available for around 800 common varieties of TCM,TCM formula granules cannot replace decoction pieces for many types which are not commonly used in clinical practice.A large number of formula granules are used in clinical and animal studies so that investigators no longer need to extract and control the quality of TCM decoction pieces.How to improve the production process,establish the quality standard,perfect the regulatory system,and expand the clinical application are the problems we need to solve as soon as possible for the better development of formula granules.
  • 摘要：Humans have long used natural remedies like plants and herbs to treat disease.Furthermore,research has been ongoing to find alternative pharmaceutical drugs based on traditionally used plants,as natural products show fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs.Medicinal plants have long been targeted in drug development due to their bioactive compounds like alkaloids,flavonoids,and terpenoids.This is not only the case for terrestrial plants,but marine environments also provide a larger diversity of flora and fauna with medicinal bioactive compounds.Vitex rotundifolia,also known as Beach Vitex,is a coastal plant that has been traditionally used to treat a variety of diseases including premenstrual syndrome,headaches,migraines,colds,and eye pain.There have been many review papers on V.rotundifolia,emphasizing its taxonomy,distribution,and biological activity.Our current mini-review not only summarizes the pharmacology and bioactivity of V.rotundifolia,but it also provides new information on the main bioactive compounds of V.rotundifolia such as flavonoids,phenolic acid,and terpenes and their current pharmacological activity in vitro and in vivo research.This information can be useful for developing new pharmaceutical and nutraceutical agents to treat and manage disease.
  • 摘要：Coronavirus 2019 has become a highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2,a strain of novel coronavirus,which challenges millions of global healthcare facilities.Coronavirus are sub-microscopic,single stranded positive sense RNA viruses that leads to multi organ dysfunction syndrome,severe acute and chronic respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia.The spike glycoprotein structure of the virus causes the viral protein to bind with the receptors on the lung and gut through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2.In some cases,the infected patients become hyper to the immune system because of the uncontrolled production of cytokines resulting in“cytokine storm”,a devastating consequence of coronavirus disease 2019.Due to the rapid mutant strain and infective nature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2,discovering a drug or developing a vaccine remains a global challenge.However,some anti-viral agents,certain protease inhibitor drugs,non-steroidal inflammatory drugs and convalescent plasma treatment were suggested.The containment and social distancing measures only aim at reducing the rate of new infections.In this view,we suggest certain traditional herbs and complementary and alternative medicine as a supporting public healthcare measure to boost the immune system and also may provide some lead to treat and prevent this infection.
  • 摘要：Background:Our previous study shows that the empirical formula of Chinese medicine Jianpi-yangwei decoction(JYD)can improve the quality of life in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy by increasing beneficial gut bacteria and decreasing harmful bacteria.The present study aims to investigate the effect of JYD on gut fungi in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 73 patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy were recruited.Twenty-nine patients in the chemotherapy group were given standard chemotherapy and 44 patients in the observation group were given JYD plus standard chemotherapy.A control group(55 cases)was recruited from the healthy medical examiners.After 3 months of treatment,life-quality score was evaluated and fecal microbiota was tested by high-throughput sequencing based on the 18S rRNA gene.Results:After treatment,life-quality score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the chemotherapy group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the observation and control groups’diversity and richness indices of intestinal fungi.The Chao index for intestinal fungi in the chemotherapy group was significantly lower than that in the observation group(P<0.05).There was a significant difference between the control and chemotherapy groups in the intestinal fungi according to Shannon and Simpson indices(P<0.05).Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed no significant differences among the three groups,but significant difference in intestinal fungi was observed between the observation group and the chemotherapy group.At the genus level,the relative abundance of the Aspergillus genus in the observation and control groups was significantly lower(P<0.05),the relative abundance of the Cutaneotrichosporon,Galactomyces,and Ganoderma genus taxa was significantly higher compared with those in the chemotherapy group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the observation group and control group.Conclusion:JYD can ameliorate chemotherapy-induced fungal dysbacteriosis in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy and improve the quality of life of patients.
  • 摘要：Background:Brucea javanica oil(BJO),distributed primarily in Southeast Asia,has long been utilized as a therapeutic agent for treating malignancies.However,its anticancer mechanisms are not clearly understood.The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying its treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods:CCK8 assay was used to evaluate cell viability.Hoechst33342 staining and flow cytometry analyses were used to examine apoptosis.Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos kit was used to measure the membrane potential of mitochondria.ATP assay kit was used to evaluate ATP levels.Western blots were used to assess the presence of AKT,adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,Caspase3,Caspase9,Bax,and Bcl-2.Results:BJO inhibited the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 in a time-and dose-dependent manner.It induced apoptosis,with the percentage of cells treated with 50–150μg/mL BJO increasing from 8.01%to 28.02%in a concentration-dependent manner(P<0.05,when 50μg/mL of BJO group compared with the control group;P<0.001,when 100 or 150μg/mL of BJO group compared with the control group).After exposed to BJO,the expression of C-caspase3,C-caspase9 and Bax upregulated while that of Bcl-2 downregulated.BJO suppressed the PI3K/AKT pathway and promoted phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,while repressing the phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin.Compared with treatment by BJO alone,the PI3K/AKT agonist 740Y-P increased the survival rate of HepG2 cells(P<0.01)and attenuated the inhibitory effect of BJO on cell apoptosis(P<0.05).Conclusion:BJO is capable of inhibiting proliferation of HepG2 cells and inducing apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT pathway.
  • 摘要：Leeches are invertebrates that have a long history of application in the development of human medicine in both the East and the West.This paper comprehensively analyzes and evaluates current research and the latest progress with regard to the application of leeches,their medical value,and their application prospects from various perspectives,so as to provide a reference for new viewpoints and directions for research on leeches.Modern research has revealed that leeches contain various bioactive components,which have pharmacological effects such as anticoagulation,antithrombosis,blood viscosity reduction,and anti-atherosclerosis.Leech therapy is an important treatment approach for venous congestion after microsurgery and is also an effective adjuvant treatment for diabetic feet,chronic pain,and tumors.Therefore,leeches are of importance for the research and development of new drugs,the restoration of blood supply after surgery,and the adjuvant treatment of diseases accompanied by blood blocking.In addition,leeches can also be used as model organisms for research in evolutionary biology and invertebrate neurophysiology as well as in neurophysiological,behavioral,and functional studies.
  • 摘要：The“nine cycles of steaming and shining”,“nine making”,“nine turns”and“nine cycles of calcining and quenching”methods that are recorded and used since ancient times are merely one aspect of the unique processing methods of traditional Chinese medicine.Inducing the Chinese medicine processing method“nine cycles of steaming and shining”from historical review and summarizing the practical wisdom based on the canonical aspects of traditional Chinese medicine and the experiences of ancient Chinese medicine sages to promote the new development of traditional Chinese medicine.After the long-term and multiple“nine”processing,the materials of traditional Chinese medicine exhibit significant beneficial changes in terms of taste,efficacy,and chemical composition contents,thus emphasizing that Chinese medicine processing plays a significant role in their efficacy enhancement and toxicity reduction.Heshouwu(Polygoni Multiflori Radix),Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix),Huangjing(Rhizoma Polygonati),Dahuang(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei),and Xixiancao(Herba Siegesbeckiae)are representatives of Chinese medicinal materials prepared using the“nine-system”processing method.This review discovers the aim and the molecular mechanism of“nine”processing of the abovementioned herbs from the viewpoints of modern pharmacochemistry and pharmacology to provide a theoretical support for the“nine”processing method of traditional Chinese medicine and to promote the international market of traditional Chinese medicine.
  • 摘要：Background:The constitutional theory is an important aspect of Tibetan medicine,however a quantitative measurement tool for constitution identification still does not exist.The objective of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Tibetan medicine constitution scale(TMCS)that consists of three sub-scales and 31 items.Methods:From June to July 2019,622 people from the general population in Beijing,China,aged 18 to 60 were investigated.We employed Cronbach’s alpha(α),split-half reliability,and test-retest reliability to determine the reliability of the scale.The content validity and contract validity of the TMCS were evaluated using factor analysis and correlation analysis based on Tibetan medicine theory.The items were screened according to the reliability test results.Results:After the items were screened,22 items remained in the scale.The Cronbach’s alpha value for the internal consistency reliability of the TMCS was 0.754(95%confidence interval(CI):0.700–0.761).The correlation coefficient for the two-week test-retest of the total score was 0.726(95%CI:0.571–0.834).The split-half coefficient was 0.689(95%CI:0.640–0.734).The scale can be explained by eight potential factors,including morphological structure,physiological function,personality,adaptability,etc.The body mass index was negatively correlated with the score of the sub-rlung scale(r=−0.376),slightly positively correlated with the sub-mkhris pa scale(r=0.099),and positively correlated with the sub-bad kan scale(r=0.362).Conclusion:The TMCS is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to assess the body constitution of the general population in Beijing,China.Future studies are needed to explore the differences in biological characteristics among the constitutional types and the association between constitution and disease.
  • 摘要：尊敬的国家自然科学基金委及评审专家:因我单位目前尚未成立医学伦理委员会,科研管理部门组织相关专家对本年度申报的可能涉及生物医学伦理学的研究项目进行伦理审查,并委托外单位相关机构咨询论证。罗辉同志申报的国家自然科学基金青年项目“藏医体质量表的研制与初步应用研究”,审查结论如下:该项目不涉及任何的人体标本或人体试验研究,无医学伦理问题。同意申报国家自然科学基金项目。
  • 摘要：Background:Traditional Chinese medicine involves complex ingredients and mixtures of ingredients that often exhibit low bioavailability,and excipients are often lacking to increase the absorption-enhancing effects.This study modified the generation 4 polyamidoamine dendrimer with polyethylene glycol of different molecular weights(5000,2000,1000)to form a series of polyamidoamine-co-polyethylene glycol(PAMAM-co-PEG)as a novel class of oral absorption enhancers.Evodiamine,the major alkaloid found in the traditional Chinese medicine Wu Zhu Yu(Fructus Evodiae),was used as a model drug to verify the absorption-enhancing effects and the safety of this alkaloid.Methods:This study utilized the solubility determination method documented in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China(2015 edition)and the D0 values recommended in the US FDA guidelines to comprehensively evaluate the solubility of evodiamine.The permeability of evodiamine was assessed using the apparent permeability coefficient in experiments based on in vitro cell models.Multiple aspects of the biological safety of PAMAM-co-PEG were explored using the MTT assay,LDH assay,and total protein release of the rat intestinal tract.Moreover,the absorption-enhancing effects of PAMAM-co-PEG at different molecular weights on evodiamine were verified via the use of in vitro cell models and in vivo intestinal loop circulation experiments with rats.Results:Evodiamine exhibited low solubility and permeability and was classified into class IV compounds using the biopharmaceutical classification system.PAMAM-co-PEG 2000 demonstrated improvement in the biosafety and absorption-enhancement effect of evodiamine at a specific concentration.This study showed that 0.05%(w/v)of PAMAM-co-PEG 2000 increased the cumulative penetration of evodiamine via cell transport by 1.32 times,and 0.10%(w/v)of PAMAM-co-PEG 2000 increased the area under curve value of evodiamine by 1.31 times.Conclusion:Evodiamine possesses low solubility and permeability and leads to poor oral bioavailability and a certain degree of cytotoxicity.PAMAM-co-PEG 2000 was found to be a potentially safe and efficient oral absorption enhancer.The results of this study might create a foundation for the development of novel excipients suitable for the complex active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine.

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