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大地测量与地球动力学（英文版）

大地测量与地球动力学（英文版）

Geodesy and Geodynamics
《大地测量学与地球动力学 》由地震研究所、中国地震局、科学出版社和其他六个机构联合主办。 致力于在世界各地的大地测量学与地球动力学领域以英文发表高质量的科学论文。 其目的是促进大地测量学与地球动力学的结合，鼓励大地测量学在地球科学领域的应用，并促进全世界的科学研究活动。 该期刊主要发表在大地测量学，地球动力学和灾害科学等领域的新颖研究成果。
  • 发文量：526
  • 被引量：106
  • H指数：0
  • 开始收录时间：2010,1(1)
  • CNKI综合因子：0.273
  • 维普期刊影响因子： 0.267
  • 万方期刊影响因子：0.35
  • 创刊时间：2010
  • 国内刊号/CN：42-1806/P
    国际刊号/ISSN：1674-9847
  • 发行周期：季刊
    邮发代号：38-523
  • 主管单位：中国地震局
    主办单位：中国地震局地震研究所
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大地测量与地球动力学（英文版） >2023年第4期

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  • 摘要：DMF (Damping modification factors) are used to modify elastic response spectral values corresponding to damping ratio 5％ to other damping levels.The influence of seismological parameters (magnitude,epicentral distances and site conditions) on DMF for acceleration spectra was analysed.The results show that for a given period as the magnitude or distance increase,the effect of damping on the seismic response will also increase,which indicates the response reduction from the structural damping will become more efficient.In the near-field of small earthquakes,the influence of site conditions on DMF is obvious,but it does not show a consistent rule.Furthermore,the DMF corresponding to different site conditions gradually close to unity with increasing magnitude and distance.The influence of the above mentioned parameters is related to the relative attenuation of the frequency components of the ground motion.The attenuation index alone is sufficient to take into account the influence.Based on these features,this paper proposes a formula of DMF for acceleration response spectra.
  • 摘要：Plasma scale height is an important parameter of topside ionosphere and contains information about ionospheric physics and dynamic.We investigated the seasonal features of vertical scale height with the electron density profiles from COSMIC.We found that vertical scale height around 660 km at middle latitudes generally has larger values in winter than in summer and had similar structures at March Equinox and September Equinox no matter daytime or nighttime.Bands of large vertical scale height appear at night around ±36° magnetic latitude in all seasons except summer for low solar activity,and mostly appear in winter for moderate solar activity.Vertical scale height in the middle latitudes generally has smaller values for moderate solar activity than that for low solar activity around 660 km,and has smaller values in the daytime than at night.
  • 摘要：In this paper,we first transferred the normal height of ASTER GDEM v2 to GPS ellipsoidal height based on the EGM96,and analyzed the precision of this digital elevation model in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau (NETP) combining with 89 ground GPS measurements.The results demonstrate that the standard deviation of the difference between ASTER GDEM and GPS results is 9.3 m,and the precision of ASTER GDEM in this region is approximately 10 m.We also calculated the free-air gravity anomalies using the relative gravity data and DEM model in NETP.The results show that the gravity anomalies are generally negative with local positive values,ranging from-156 to 43 mGal (10-5 m/s2).At last,we compared the EGM2008 free-air gravity anomalies (FGAs) with the ground gravity measurements,and their spatial patterns are similar.While the point-to-point difference between the modeling and measuring results shows great discrepancy,The free-air gravity anomalies of EGM2008 in this region range from-154 to 96 mGal,and the difference between EGM2008 and the ground measurements ranges from-102 to 50 mGal.The mean difference is-17.34 mGal,and the standard deviation is 46.69 mGal,which demonstrates that the EGM2008 has poor precision in the northeastern margin of Tibet Plateau.
  • 摘要：Ionosphere is an important layer of atmosphere which is under constant forcing from both below due to gravitational,geomagnetic and seismic activities,and above due to solar wind and galactic radiation.Spatio-temporal variability of ionosphere is made up of two major components that can be listed as spatio-temporal trends and secondary variabilities that are due to disturbances in the geomagnetic field,gravitational waves and coupling of seismic activities into the upper atmosphere and ionosphere.Some of these second order variabilities generate wave-like oscillations in the ionosphere which propagate at a certain frequency,duration and velocity.These oscillations cause major problems for navigation and guidance systems that utilize GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems).In this study,the frequency and duration of wave-like oscillations are determined using a DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) based algorithm over the STEC (slant total electron content) values estimated from single GPS (Global Positioning System) station.The performance of the developed method,namely IONOLAB-FFT,is first determined using synthetic oscillations with known frequencies and durations.Then,IONOLAB-FFT is applied to STEC data from various midlatitude GPS stations for detection of frequency and duration of both medium and large scale TIDs (traveling ionospheric disturbances).It is observed that IONOLAB-FFT can estimate TIDs with more than 80％ accuracy for the following cases:frequencies from 0.6 mHz to 2.4 mHz and durations longer than 10 min;frequencies from 0.15 mHz to 0.6 mHz and durations longer than 50 min;frequencies higher than 0.29 mHz and durations longer than 50 min.
  • 摘要：Based on the observations of 36 gPhone gravimeters in 2015,the background noise levels in the seismic frequency band (200-600s) and sub-seismic band (1-6 h) are calculated.The differences in the PSD (power spectrum density) of each band of gPhone gravimetric gauges in different surrounding environments were analyzed and compared with Peterson's NLNM (new low-noise model) which is derived from the envelope at the power spectrum density of 75 seismograph stations around the world.The results showed that:the influence of station type on the noise magnitude of gPhone gravimeter is very small;The seismic band noise magnitude (hereinafter referred to as SNM) and the sub-seismic band noise magnitude (hereinafter referred to as SSNM) in the coastal gPhone gravimeter are higher than those of inland stations.Although the local hydrological change has a great influence on the gravity observation,the rainfall is not directly relative to the noise magnitude of the instrument.Except 3 coastal stations,the eight stations which had the highest amplitudes in the SNM were located near the seismic belt.This indicates that the SNM of the gPhone Gravimeter may reflect some seismic information.Compared with the NLNM model,the PSD of the gPhone gravimeter is lower than the NLNM model in the long period band (＜3 × 10-SHz),indicating that the gPhone gravimeter is more suitable for detecting long-period signals (＞10 h) than the seismometer.
  • 摘要：Earth's Coriolis force profoundly alters the eigen frequencies,eigen functions,and excitation of rotational normal modes.Some rotational modes of the solid mantle-fluid outer core-solid inner core Earth system are confirmed observationally and some remain elusive.Here we bring together from literature assertions about an excited resonance system in terms of the Green's function and temporal convolution.We raise caveats against taking the face values of the oscillational motion which have been "masqueraded" by the convolution,necessitating deconvolution for retrieving the excitation function which reflects the true variability.Lastly we exemplify successful applications of the deconvolution in estimating resonance complex frequencies.
  • 摘要：Estimation of the zero-height geopotential value WLVD0 for the CVD (China Vertical Datum) plays a fundamental role in the connection of traditional height reference systems into a global height system.Estimation the WLVD0 of China is based on the computation of the mean geopotential offset between the value Wo =62636856.0 m2s-2,selected as reference in this study,and the unknown geopotential value WLVD0.This estimation is based on the combination of ellipsoidal heights,levelled heights (referring to the CVD),and some physical parameters,such as geopotential values,gravity values,and geoid undulations.The geoid undulations derived from the GGM (Global Geopotential Models).This combination is performed through three approaches:The first one is based on the theory of Molodensky,and the second one compares levelled heights and geopotential values derived from the GGMs,while the third one analyses the differences between GPS/Levelling and GGMs geoid undulations.The approaches are evaluated at 65 benchmarks (BMs) covered around Qingdao where the tide gauge is used to observe the local mean sea level of China.The results from three approaches are very similar.Furthermore,the WLVD0determined for the China local vertical datum was 62636852.9462 m2s 2,indicates a bias of about 3.0538 m2/s-2 compared to the conventional value of 62636856.0 m2s-2.
  • 摘要：This paper introduces the reader to our Kalman filter developed for geodetic VLBI (very long baseline interferometry) data analysis.The focus lies on the EOP (Earth Orientation Parameter) determination based on the Continuous VLBI Campaign 2014 (CONT14) data,but also earlier CONT campaigns are analyzed.For validation and comparison purposes we use EOP determined with the classical LSM (least squares method) estimated from the same VLBI data set as the Kalman solution with a daily resolution.To gain higher resolved EOP from LSM we run solutions which yield hourly estimates for polar motion and dUT1 =Universal Time (UT1)-Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).As an external validation data set we use a GPS (Global Positioning System) solution providing hourly polar motion results.Further,we describe our approach for determining the noise driving the Kalman filter.It has to be chosen carefully,since it can lead to a significant degradation of the results.We illustrate this issue in context with the de-correlation of polar motion and nutation.Finally,we find that the agreement with respect to GPS can be improved by up to 50％ using our filter compared to the LSM approach,reaching a similar precision than the GPS solution.Especially the power of erroneous high-frequency signals can be reduced dramatically,opening up new possibilities for high-frequency EOP studies and investigations of the models involved in VLBI data analysis.We prove that the Kalman filter is more than on par with the classical least squares method and that it is a valuable alternative,especially on the advent of the VLB12010 Global Observing System and within the GGOS frame work.
  • 摘要：Earth's variable rotation is mainly produced by the variability of the AAM (atmospheric angular momentum).In particular,the axial AAM component x3,which undergoes especially strong variations,induces changes in the Earth's rotation rate.In this study we analysed maps of regional input into the effective axial AAM from 1948 through 2011 from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis.Global zonal circulation patterns related to the LOD (length of day) were described.We applied MSSA (Multichannel Singular Spectrum.Analysis)jointly to the mass and motion components of AAM,which allowed us to extract annual,semiannual,4-month,quasi-biennial, 5-year,and low-frequency oscillations.PCs (Principal components) strongly related to ENSO (El Nino southern oscillation) were released.They can be used to study ENSO-induced changes in pressure and wind fields and their coupling to LOD.The PCs describing the trends have caotured slow atmospheric circulation changes possibly related to climate variability.
  • 摘要：In this review paper,we examine the changes in the Earth orientation in space and focus on the nutation (shorter-term periodic variations),which is superimposed on precession (long-term trend on a timescale of years).We review the nutation modelling involving several coupling mechanisms at the core-mantle boundary using the Liouville angular momentum equations for a two-layered Earth with a liquid flattened core.The classical approach considers a Poincaré fluid for the core with an inertial pressure coupling mechanism at the core-mantle boundary.We examine possible additional coupling mechanisms to explain the observations.In particular,we examine how we can determine the flattening of the core as well as information on the magnetic field and the core flow from the nutation observations.The precision of the observations is shown to be high enough to increase our understanding on the coupling mechanisms at the core-mantle boundary.
  • 摘要：We elaborate an error budget for the long-term accuracy of IGS (International Global Navigation Satellite System Service) polar motion estimates,concluding that it is probably about 25-30 μas (1-sigma)overall,although it is not possible to quantify possible contributions (mainly annual) that might transfer directly from aliases of subdaily rotational tide errors.The leading sources are biases arising from the need to align daily,observed terrestrial frames,within which the pole coordinates are expressed and which are continuously deforming,to the secular,linear international reference frame.Such biases are largest over spans longer than about a year.Thanks to the very large number of IGS tracking stations,the formal covariance errors are much smaller,around 5 to 10 μas.Large networks also permit the systematic frame-related errors to be more effectively minimized but not eliminated.A number of periodic errors probably also influence polar motion results,mainly at annual,GPS (Global Positioning System) draconitic,and fortnightly periods,but their impact on the overall error budget is unlikely to be significant except possibly for annual tidal aliases.Nevertheless,caution should be exercised in interpreting geophysical excitations near any of the suspect periods.
  • 摘要：Previous studies suggest that tidal friction gives rise to the secular deceleration of the Earth rotation by a quantity of about 2.25 ms/cy.Here we just consider additional contributions to the secular Earth rotation deceleration.Atmospheric solar semi-diurnal tide has a small amplitude and certain amount of phase lead.This periodic global air-mass excess distribution exerts a quasi-constant torque to accelerate the Earth's spin rotation.Using an updated atmospheric tide model,we re-estimate the amounts of this atmospheric acceleration torque and corresponding energy input,of which the associated change rate in LOD (length of day) is-0.1 ms/cy.In another aspect,evidences from space-geodesy and sea level rise observations suggest that Earth expands at a rate of 0.35 mm/yr in recent decades,which gives rise to the increase of LOD at rate of 1.0 ms/cy.Hence,if the previous estimate due to the tidal friction is correct,the secular Earth rotation deceleration due to tidal friction and Earth expansion should be 3.15 ms/cy.
  • 摘要：The global Very Long Baseline Interferometry observation for measuring the Earth rotation's parameters was launched around 1970s.Since then the precision of the measurements is continuously improving by taking into account various instrumental and environmental effects.The MHB2000 nutation model was introduced in 2002,which is constructed based on a revised nutation series derived from 20 years VLBI observations (1980-1999).In this work,we firstly estimated the amplitudes of all nutation terms from the IERS-EOP-C04 VLBI global solutions w.r.t.IAU1980,then we further inferred the BEPs (Basic Earth's Parameters) by fitting the major nutation terms.Meanwhile,the BEPs were obtained from the same nutation time series using a BI (Bayesian Inversion).The corrections to the precession rate and the estimated BEPs are in an agreement,independent of which methods have been applied.
  • 摘要：At seasonal and intraseasonal time scales,polar motions are mainly excited by angular momentum fluctuations due to mass redistributions and relative motions in the atmosphere,oceans,and continental water,snow,and ice,which are usually provided by various global atmospheric,oceanic,and hydrological models (some with meteorological observations assimilated;e.g.,NCEP,ECCO,ECMWF,OMCT and LSDM etc.).Unfortunately,these model outputs are far from perfect and have notable discrepancies with respect to polar motion observations,due to non-uniform distributions of meteorological observatories,as well as theoretical approximations and non-global mass conservation in these models.In this study,the LDC (Least Difference Combination) method is adopted to obtain some improved atmospheric,oceanic,and hydrological/crospheric angular momentum (AAM,OAM and HAM/CAM,respectively)functions and excitation functions (termed as the LDCgsm solutions).Various GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging) geopotential data are adopted to correct the non-global mass conservation problem,while polar motion data are used as general constraints.The LDCgsm solutions can reveal not only periodic fluctuations but also secular trends in AAM,OAM and HAM/CAM,and are in better agreement with polar motion observations,reducing the unexplained excitation to the level of about 5.5 mas (standard derivation value;about 1/5-1/4 of those corresponding to the original model outputs).
  • 摘要：TEQC is used to check the observations quality of 173 GPS campaign stations in the Northeast and North China. Each station was observed with an occupation of 4 days. The quality of the 692 data files is analyzed by the ratio of overall observations to possible observations, MP1, MP2 and the ratio of observations to slips. The reasons for multipath and cycle slips can be derived from the photos taken in the field. The results show that the coverage of trees and buildings/structures, and the interference of high-voltage power lines near the stations are the main reasons. In a small area, the horizontal velocity field in the period 2011e2013 is exemplified, where the magnitudes and directions of the 4 stations' rates are clearly different with that of other stations. It seems that the error caused by the worse environment cannot be mitigated through post processing. Therefore, these con-clusions can help the establishment of GNSS stations, measurements, data processing and formulating standards in future.
  • 摘要：The greatest earthquake in the modern history of Japan and probably the fourth greatest in the last 100 years in the world occurred on March 11, 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku. Large tsunami and ground motions caused severe damage in wide areas, particularly many towns along the Pacific coast. So far, gravity change caused by such a great earthquake has been reported for the 1964 Alaska and the 2010 Maule events. However, the spatial-tem-poral resolution of the gravity data for these cases is insufficient to depict a co-seismic gravity field variation in a spatial scale of a plate subduction zone. Here, we report an unequivocal co-seismic gravity change over the Japanese Island, obtained from a hybrid gravity observation (combined absolute and relative gravity measurements). The time in-terval of the observation before and after the earthquake is within 1 year at almost all the observed sites, including 13 absolute and 16 relative measurement sites, which deduced tectonic and environmental contributions to the gravity change. The observed gravity agrees well with the result calculated by a dislocation theory based on a self-gravitating and layered spherical earth model. In this computation, a co-seismic slip distribution is determined by an inversion of Global Positioning System (GPS) data. Of particular interest is that the observed gravity change in some area is negative where a remarkable subsi-dence is observed by GPS, which can not be explained by simple vertical movement of the crust. This indicated that the mass redistribution in the underground affects the gravity change. This result supports the result that Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites detected a crustal dilatation due to the 2004 Sumatra earthquake by the terrestrial observation with a higher spatial and temporal resolution.
  • 摘要：In ground-based GPS meteorology, Tm is a key parameter to calculate the conversion factor that can convert the zenith wet delay (ZWD) to precipitable water vapor (PWV). It is generally acknowledged that Tm is in an approximate linear relationship with surface temperature Ts, and the relationship presents regional variation. This paper employed sliding average method to calculate correlation coefficients and linear regression co-efficients between Tm and Ts at every 2? ? 2.5? grid point using Ts data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Tm data from “GGOS Atmo-sphere”, yielding the grid and bilinear interpolation-based TmGrid model. Tested by Tm and Ts grid data, Constellation Observation System of Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) data and radiosonde data, the TmGrid model shows a higher accuracy relative to the Bevis Tm ? Ts relationship which is widely used nowadays. The TmGrid model will be of certain practical value in high-precision PWV calculation.
  • 摘要：The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission provides a unique opportunity to quantitatively study terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations. In this paper, the terrestrial water storage variations in the Poyang Lake Basin are recovered from the GRACE gravity data from January 2003 to March 2014 and compared with the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) hydrological models and satellite altimetry. Further-more, the impact of soil moisture content from GLDAS and rainfall from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) on TWS variations are investigated. Our results indi-cate that the TWS variations from GRACE, GLDAS and satellite altimetry have a general consistency. The TWS trends in the Poyang Lake Basin determined from GRACE, GLDAS and satellite altimetry are increasing at 0.0141 km3/a, 0.0328 km3/a and 0.0238 km3/a, respectively during the investigated time period. The TWS is governed mainly by the soil moisture content and dominated primarily by the precipitation but also modulated by the flood season of the Yangtze River as well as the lake and river exchange water.
  • 摘要：On 25 April, 2015, an Mw7.9 earthquake occurred in Nepal, which caused great economic loss and casualties. However, almost no surface ruptures were observed. Therefore, in order to interpret the phenomenon, we study the rupture process of the earthquake to seek answers. Inversion of teleseismic body-wave data is applied to estimate the rupture pro-cess of the 2015 Nepal earthquake. To obtain stable solutions, smoothing and non-negative constraints are introduced. 48 teleseismic stations with good coverage are chosen. Finite fault model is established with length and width of 195 km and 150 km, and we set the initial seismic source parameters referring to CMT solutions. Inversion results indicate that the focal mechanism of this earthquake is a thrust fault type, and the strike, dip and rake angle are in accordance with CMT results. The seismic moment is 0.9195 ? 1021 Nm (Mw7.9), and source duration is about 70 s. The rupture nucleated near the hypocenter and then propagated along the dip direction to the southeast, and the maximum slip amounts to 5.2 m. Uncertainties on the amount of slip retrieved by different inversion methods still exist, the overall characteristics are inconsistent. The lack of shallow slip during the 2015 Gorkha earthquake implies future seismic hazard and this region should be paid more attention to.
  • 摘要：In order to analyze the connection between the railway subgrade frost heave deformation and temperature variation, five GPS stations' data were used to monitor the deformation on a certain section of railway subgrade in northeast China. GAMIT software is used to process the data, providing daily solution, daytime solution and nighttime solution. Vertical trends of these five stations were analyzed to investigate frost heave effect on railway subgrade deformation. The results show that the temperature difference between daytime and night induces stations, significant vertical displacement, and the temperature difference be-tween seasons causes settlement of station which appears linear trend.

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    • 创刊时间：2010
    • 地区：CN
    • 语言：中文
    • 热门主题：中国地震局地震研究所
    • 学科分类：

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      Earth and Planetary Sciences:Computers in Earth Sciences;Earth-Surface Processes;Geophysics;

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