摘要:探究了弗雷格的涵义理论,涵盖弗雷格对涵义的定义及其局限性,重点在于研究"符号"、"涵义"和"所指"之间的关系。主要运用对比研究方法,从涵义、涵义关系及对语篇的解读层面,将弗雷格的涵义理论与相关认知语言学知识进行点到面的对比,深入研究和探讨这种关系的优劣之处,旨在帮助人们更好的理解"符号"、"涵义"和"所指"的关系。%This paper would explain the sense theory of Frege which contains the definition and its limitation,but mainly focus on "symbol","sense" and "referent" and their relationships.Then it will further compare the sense theory with relevant cognitive linguistics knowledge from the perspectives of the definition of sense,its relationship and its explanatory capacity of context to help people understand more about the sense theory.
摘要:As one of the representatives of the school of stream of consciousness,Virginia Woolf presents in a symbolic way her literary idea of pursuing inner truth in her first novel of stream of consciousness,The Mark on the Wall.Although the novel seems to narrate purely "my" tumultuous consciousness flow,in the depth of the consciousness,there is a literary issue which dominates the author’s stream of consciousness and triggers her myriad experience and insight,her intense concern with subject consciousness about literary development,and her definite declaration of a new literary style.%在其第一篇意识流小说《墙上的斑点》中,意识流小说的代表人物弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫象征性地表达了其追求内在真实的文学主张。该小说表面上似乎纯粹叙写"我"的纷乱的意识流动,而在纷乱意识的深层,存在着一种主导作者意识流动,引发作者无数体验和顿悟的对文学问题的关注,是关于文学发展之路的,深切的,具有强烈主体自觉意识的关注,也是代表新文学样式的明确的宣言。
摘要:费尔巴哈是马克思实现哲学革命历程中的重要一环。然而,作为一个不可缺失的环节,一方面,它是在马克思独立达成对黑格尔思辨哲学的怀疑与动摇之后才凸现于马克思的理论视野中;另一方面,这一环节本质上绝非宗教批判,而是哲学批判。正是从费尔巴哈那里以宗教批判形式出现的对黑格尔思辨哲学的批判和以"类本质"、"现实的人",即以"社会的人"为理论基点,对新哲学世界的构想才引起了马克思的思想共鸣,并成为马克思实现哲学革命的出发点和重要的理论平台。%This paper shows that Feuerbach plays a vital role in Marx’s realization of philosophical revolution.On one hand,only when Marx himself has doubts on Hegal’s speculative philosophy does the theory of Feuerbach come into his theoretical sight.On the other side,such an indispensable link isn’t a religious criticism but an essentially philosophical criticism.Marx goes to great lengths to criticize,reformulate,and adopt Feuerbach’s ideas and make them as both a start of his philosophical revolution and a prominent theoretical stage owing not only to Feuerbach’s religious criticism of Hegal’s speculative philosophical theory,but also to Feuerbach’s own conception of a new philosophical world,using the ideas of "species nature" and "human in reality" or simply "human in society."
摘要:作为国务院学位办全国专业学位教育综合改革的试点单位之一,上海外国语大学高级翻译学院应用翻译系(翻译硕士专业学位教育点)在全院的配合下,进行了探索性的改革,取得了一些成绩,并在试点单位的中期评审中得到了专家的肯定和好评。文中首先分析了翻译硕士(MTI)学位教育存在的问题和隐忧,并指出,为解决这些问题,MTI学位教育需要有一个综合的体系性调整。作者结合上外高级翻译MTI改革探索的经验,重点阐述了对师资队伍建设、课程设置和专业实习等方面的总体设计和宏观思考,并介绍了上外高级翻译为促进MTI专业学位教育的顺利实施而进行的机构设置调整。%The Graduate Institute of Interpretation and Translation(GIIT) of Shanghai International Studies University was selected as one of the institutions undertaking the comprehensive reform of the professional education,initiated by the Office of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee of China.Out of many exploratory attempts,the institute has made some achievements and won the recognition and praise from the mid-term evaluation.The author attempts to tackle the problems existing in MTI(Master of Translation and Interpreting) education and provides some overall solutions.From GIIT’s experience,the author focuses his arguments on the consideration,designing and establishment of the professional faculty,the modules and the students’ internship,and at the same time,introduces the institute’s restructuring for the reform.
摘要:我国新闻与西方新闻在新闻观和新闻实践上有较大的差异,中国文化的高语境特点和西方的低语境文化也具有较大差距,而电视作为传播新闻的媒体也有一些自己的特点,这导致在电视新闻的中译英活动中,译写成为最佳的策略选择。译写指对新闻进行常规的翻译外同时还要做一定的编写工作。译写的运用体现在新闻的标题、导语、新闻主体等多个环节。新闻中译英的译写一定要注意度的把握,要确保实现原文的传播目的。%Translation of news from Chinese to English is much complicated than the translation of other genres.There is a great disparity between the ideology and practice of the news and also a marked difference between high context culture and low context culture.Besides,news on TV has its own features to be noticed by translators.As a result,trans writing comes to the forefront as the best choice for C E news translation.Trans writing means some necessary writing and editing in the normal course of translation.The strategy covers the translation of the title,the lead,and the body of the news.But there must be a delicate control of degree in news rewriting and editing,to ensure the realization of the very purpose of the news in the original.
摘要:伯克修辞学的戏剧主义是当代美国修辞学最重要的理论,它蕴涵了后现代思想。这种后现代思想体现在戏剧主义反驳科学主义、逻辑实证主义以及结构主义,揭示知识、真理和现实是用符号建构的修辞产物,表明它们不是完全客观的、固定不变的。指出了戏剧主义的后现代思想给人们的重要启示。认为这种后现代思想为修辞学走向复兴作出了贡献。%The dramatism in Burke’s rhetoric is the most important theory in contemporary American rhetoric.It embodies Burke’s postmodern thought,which manifests in that it rhetorically refutes scientism,logical positivism and structuralism,and reveals knowledge,truth and reality as a rhetorical product of symbols,thus showing their subjectiveness and non fixedness.This paper brings to ligh some important implications of the postmodern thought of Burke’s dramatism.It is believed that such kind of postmodern thought contributes to revitalizing rhetoric.
摘要:为改变我国大学英语课堂教学重知识传授,轻思辨能力培养的现状,受苏格拉底教学法的启示,在英语课堂教学中,通过围绕主题不断提问来启发学生思考,将传统的知识型教学,转型为知识、思辨、素质三位一体的教学模式,从而提高学生的英语综合能力,进而培养学生用英语进行思辨的能力。%The article points out the status quo of college English classroom teaching: more emphasis has been put on language knowledge than the cultivation of students’ argumentative ability. The writer tries to apply the Socratic method to practice to change traditional teaching methods into a knowledge based, argument-based and quality based teaching model, in the hope of improving their English language comprehensive abilities, and thereby cultivating their English argumentative ability.
摘要:"机械结构设计"是机械设计制造及其自动化本科专业的一门专业前沿必修课,涉及到的专业知识多,综合性强,学生掌握起来有较大的难度。在教学过程中采用案例教学、实验和课程设计相结合的模式,通过学习使学生能够掌握传动系统等部件结构设计原则和步骤,初步形成机械结构设计思想,具有一定的独立设计的能力。%"Mechanical structure design" is one of the advanced and compulsory courses for Mechanical Design and Manufacture & Automation.As it involves a lot of professional knowledge,it is very difficult for students to learn.In the teaching process,a combination of case teaching,experiments and curriculum design is adopted.Through the study of the course,the students can master structural design principles and steps of drive components,and form initial ideas of the mechanical structure design and thus have a certain ability to design independently.
摘要:It is a must to clarify the fundamental issue and the logical starting point of business English(BE) if we want to develop BE into an independent discipline,this is because the fundamental issue is the core of any discipline and the logical starting point is the cornerstone and "blood" of a discipline.The paper makes a detailed study of the said fundamental issue and the logical starting point.The writer of the paper draws a tentative conclusion that the fundamental issue of BE can be "the balance between ’business’ and ’English’",and that the logical starting point of BE can be "the activity of BE education".%商务英语学作为一门独立的学科要建立起来,需要明确其学科的基本问题及其逻辑起点,因为学科的基本问题是一门学科的中心所在,逻辑起点是学科的基石和血脉。对商务英语学科的基本问题和逻辑起点进行了探讨,认为商务英语学的基本问题是"商务"与"英语"的交叉平衡问题,逻辑起点是"商务英语教育"活动。
摘要:Linguistic memes as units of social and cultural evolution spread and replicate constantly in the direction of vertical and horizontal dimensional.Because of lack of linguistic signs and culture and for some psychological reasons,German has taken a large number of foreign memes in the process of its formation and development.These foreign words compete with German words and phrases according to the natural selection.This paper found that unique,professional,distinctive,economical and stylish words are more likely to become strong memes,which can be a powerful explanation of the role foreign words play in German.%语言模因作为社会文化进化单位,在纵横二维方向不断进行自我复制和传播。由于语符缺省、文化缺省和心理顺从等原因,德语在其形成和发展过程中收入了大量外来模因。这些外来词与德语本土词汇进行着相互竞争,在自然选择中一较高下。研究发现,具有唯一性、专业性、区别性、经济性和时尚性的外来词更容易成为强势模因,可以有力地解释外来语在德语语言变迁中的作用。
摘要:高校英语专业如何为社会培养更多、更好的毕业生,如何确实按国家预期的培养目标来测定其专业能力,乃是一个令人关注的问题。鉴于目前我国尚不存在一种科学测定英语人才培养目标标准的"英语能力考试",社会对英语专业毕业生的英语应用能力不甚了了。而高校英语专业又仅提供有关毕业生在校课程的成就考试成绩。为此,有必要探讨开发及建立我国的"英语能力考试",以测定达到培养标准的人才。%How to teach students to be communicatively competent in English as required in the educational plan and how to test them in their competence are two issues of public interest.The academic requirements are set for English majors at college;yet no test is applied to measure their proficiency of the language.On the other hand,colleges and universities provide only their results in course achievement tests.This article tries to argue for the need of a reliable,valid and practical English proficiency test which is able to tell whether the test-taker meets the requirements in the plan.
摘要:关联理论认为,言语交际中的最佳关联来自最好的语境效果。说者和听者之间的语境关联越强,听者为正确理解话语所付出的认知努力就越少。语境可分为一元化语境(语言语境),二元化语境(语言语境及情景语境)以及三元化语境(语言语境、情景语境和文化语境)。三元化语境的综合构建和运用将有助于提高英语听力理解的准确度。%It is considered in the relevance theory that the best relevance in verbal communication comes from the best context effect.The stronger the contextual relevance between the speaker and the listener is,the less effort the listeners are required to make to understand the utterance.Context can be classified into linguistic context,situational context,and cultural context.It will be beneficial to construct and apply the triple-context synthetically to improve the accuracy in listening comprehension.
摘要:Criticisms on Tian Jing Sha·Qiu Si have been mostly done from the perspective of contrastive English Chinese studies.Relevance translation theory can serve as a useful tool to compare and analyze the four translations of the poem,in the hope of testifying the feasibility of cognitive environment,communicative purpose and equivalence of optimal relevance in appraisal of poetry translation.%运用关联翻译理论对马致远的《天净沙.秋思》的四种译文进行对比分析,通过论证关联翻译理论中的认知环境、交际意图及最佳关联对等等概念在诗歌翻译评论中的可行性,尝试在诗歌文本翻译的多元阐释中为诗词翻译评论提供一个新的视角。
摘要:Based on narrative theories of structuralism, this paper analyzes Henry James’s novel Madame De Mauves from two aspects, narrative perspective and narrative time, in an attempt to explore his preliminary writing style of his early work. This study finds that the use of "center of consciousness" and "anachrony" makes the novel more attractive and unique.%以结构主义叙事理论为指导,从叙事视角和叙事时间入手,对美国作家亨利.詹姆斯的早期作品《德莫福夫人》中初步形成的叙事风格进行分析。研究发现"意识中心"和"时序倒错"等技巧在作品中的应用,使故事情节更具吸引力,作品形式也更具独特性。
摘要:对德国晚期著名的浪漫主义作家E.T.A.霍夫曼的《布拉姆比拉公主》以叙事学角度作一深入分析,揭示出文本呈现的真幻相交的多线情节结构所蕴含的德国浪漫主义时期的文化特征,如面对科学进步、工业化加剧而引发的社会动荡,人们对美好生活的祈求与现实苦难的背离,从而导致人的内心分裂。同时,体现了作家在哲学、文艺美学等方面的功能与表现上的深入思索。%E.T.A.Hoffmann was the famous German writer of the late romantic period.This article makes a thorough studies of his Prinzessin Brambilla from the narrative viewpoint,and reveals that under the multithreading scenarios of reality and fantasy there are German culture traits of the romantic period,such as social turbulence,psychological split as well as the philosophy exploration and the function and representation of the literature aesthetics that have resulted from the development of science and technology and industrialization.
摘要:培养学生跨文化交际能力是外语教学的最高目标,外语教师都应把培养大学生自觉的跨文化意识以及对不同文化差异的敏感性为己任。陌生化是俄国形式主义一个重要的核心概念,对外语教学颇具教学价值取向。讨论了如何在陌生化视角下进行有效的目的语文化的导入,提出了可行的方法与策略。%The ultimate aim of foreign language teaching is to cultivate students' intercultural communication competence with the focus on the sensitivity of cultural differences. "Defamiliarization" was a core concept of Russian formalism and it provides some valuable concept for foreign language teaching. The paper is defamiliarization in the course of target culture some feasible approaches and strategies. devoted to the discussion of the employment of input in the foreign language class and putting forward
摘要:术语在线检索能力对科技翻译实践和人才培养均具有现实意义。通过对英语专业学生翻译作业的调查,厘清了翻译学习者在术语检索中存在的主要困难:缺乏术语识别力、缺乏对同义术语及多义术语的鉴别力,并从翻译技能和课程角度提出应对术语翻译的总体策略。%Strong online searching capability of standardized terminologies is indispensable for technical translation and translator training. Based on the investigation into English majors' assignments, the paper finds that technical translators usually have difficulty in the recognition of a term, in the selection of synonymous terms as well as that of polysemous terms, and in the effective usage of online dictionaries. The paper then provides overall strategies to deal with term translation involving the problems above.
摘要:翻译文学对“五四”新文学影响深远,这一点尤其体现在外国诗歌的译介对中国新诗的形成上。从多元系统理论角度来看,处于“五四”翻译文学核心的汉译外国诗歌加速了中国传统诗歌创作模式的瓦解,并对中国文化传统范式的颠覆和新文化系统的形成产生了重要影响。胡适、梁实秋、郭沫若等人的新诗创作便与他们的外国诗歌翻译紧密相连。总之,译诗是中国新诗诞生的最大推动力。%The May 4th Chinese New Literature, especially Chinese New Poetry, has been greatly influenced by translated literature. From the perspective of Polysystem theory, the translated poetry, being the core of the translated literature in May 4th period, helped to break the writing mode of traditional Chinese poetry. Consequently, it played an important role in the collapse of Chinese traditional cultural paradigm as well as the birth of a new cultural system. Those like Hu Shi, Liang Shiqiu and Guo Moruo are all new poets, whose writing of new poetry is closely related to their translating foreign poetry. In short, translated poetry is the main force of the birth of Chinese New poetry.
摘要:歇后语作为汉语熟语中大量存在的一种独特语言形式,长期以来引起了国内不少学者对它的兴趣。歇后语的研究是多角度和多层次的,对歇后语的界定、分类和主要特征作了说明,论述了前人对汉语歇后语的认知研究,探讨了歇后语理解中的认知机制和认知过程,为熟语表征和理解的认知研究之四。认为,复杂的认知机制和心理策略以及它们相互之间的作用可以作为ERP实验设计的理论基础。%Two-part allegorical sayings as an unique language form which exists pervasively in Chinese have evoked the interests of many scholars. The investigation of this linguistic phenomenon has many perspectives and dimensions. The paper illustrates the definition, classification and main characteristics of two-part allegorical sayings and aims to offer a cognitive linguistic interpretation of two-part allegorical sayings, exploring the cognitive mechanisms and processes of their comprehension. It is a fourth part of a series of research on Chinese idiom representation and comprehension. The paper further believes that the complex cognitive mechanisms, mental strategies and their interactions can lay a foundation for the experimental design of an ERP investigation.
摘要:指示语是语用学研究的重要对象之一。由于第一人称指示语是人称指示的基本范畴,对其进行深入研究必将为研究其他人称指示语提供指导意义。复数第一人称指示语在英汉不同文化语境中,在表层形态和指示范围两个方面呈现出共同点和差异性,通过对其进行对比分析,揭示出产生差异的文化因素。%Deixis has been one of the most significant subjects of pragamtic researches. The in-depth study on the first person deixis, the basic category for the person deixis, will definitely provide guiding principles for the study of other person deixis. In different cultural contexts, the first person plural deixis exhibit certain similarities and differences in the morphological forms and deictic scopes. The contrastive analysis aims at revealing the cultural factors which account for all the disparities.
摘要:法兰克福学派的艺术理论常常被认为是浪漫主义的。当人们提到法兰克福学派艺术理论的时候,“审美乌托邦”几乎已经成为它的代名词。然而,通过对隐藏在“审美乌托邦”这一评价背后的那种普遍信念的存在论基础进行批判性的反思表明,这一公认的评价是值得商榷的。这一评价的得出与形而上学之基本建制对日常生活的统治紧密相连。通过对这一问题的研究,能够为法兰克福学派艺术理论之基本性质的进一步认定和研究澄清前提。%We often think Frankfurt School's theory of art is romantic. "Aesthetic Utopia" has almost become the synonym for art theory of Frankfurt School when we talk of it. But this accepted evaluation is still open to discussion through reexamining the appraisal of "Aesthetic Utopia", and especially indicating the ontological basement of the general conviction on which the appraisal is established. This opinion relates to the Metaphysics' rule to our life. By this means we can fiLrther clarify and recognize the basic nature of Frankfurt School's theory of art.
摘要:鉴于许多医生,包括不少医学专家,所撰写的英语医学论文在英语表达上常出现很多错误,以实例分析了医学论文英语写作中的欠妥之处,简述了英语医学论文写作ABC,并指出,医生们在学术造诣精深的前提下,还应努力提高自身的英语水平。%In view of the fact that many Chinese doctors, including a lot of experts, are making numerous language mistakes in their English language medical articles, the author analyses with concrete examples those mistakes commonly made in English medical articles and discusses the ABC of Science writing. Meanwhile, the author hopes Chinese doctors will improve their English language skills.
摘要:针对中日同形词“宅急便”,分析探讨其为何没有像其他同形词那样马上被中国人直接接受。“便”、“急便”在词义上两国存在着很大的不同,在发音上会使中国人产生不洁的联想。日语的“便”多作后缀,而汉语的“便”多作前缀,这不符合汉语构词方式和言语习惯。分析结果表明,“宅急便”一词要被中国人接受尚需时日。%This paper discuss the Chinese-Japanese homograph——"宅争便 (Express Mail)", focusing on the reason why it wasn't accepted by Chinese people so quickly as other Chinese-Japanese homographs were. The Japanese word "便" differs greatly from the words "急便" in their meaning, while their pronunciations often suggest unclean association for Chinese people. "便" is a suffix in Japanese, but a prefix in Chinese. Therefore it does not fit the word formation pattern or speech habit in Chinese. The current research concludes that the term "宅急便 (Express Mail)" will not be accepted by Chinese people within a short period of time.