摘要：Aquaculture has subsequently played a major role in securing the raw materials for the industries since the production from capture fisheries cannot serve the demand of the producing plants for export purposes alone.Aquaculture has developed from extensive systems to semi-intensive, intensive and super-intensive very rapidly.These have brought the introduction of large amount of chemicals and drugs into the systems, which cause residual problem in the products.In the developed world food safety has become a major concerned issue.The world market now needs the healthy product from farm to plate.To achieve these requirements, the producing countries have implemented measures such as farm registration, good aquaculture practice, code of conduct for sustainable aquaculture, hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) and biosecurity system in order to keep their markets.However, infectious diseases in aquaculture are of major concern to the industry and are typically controlled by: eradication of the pathogen, treatment with antibiotic or chemotherapeutics and by prevention of diseases using probiotics or vaccines.To limit the use of chemicals and antibiotics, good farm management is highly recommended.In terms of treatment, chemicals and antibiotics should be evaluated for a recommendation dose and withdrawal period; otherwise alternative choices of treatments should be developed.Environmental friendly, probiotics have been introduced to aquaculture practice in the last decade, in order to replace the pathogenic bacteria with the beneficial bacteria transient in the gut.Microorganisms have also been prepared for the purpose of biocontrol and bioremediation.rnThe application of probiotic, biocontrol and rnbioremediation seem promising, however it needs rnconsiderable efforts of further research in terms of rnfood and environmental safety.rnVaccination has been proved to be a highly effective rnmethod for controlling diseases in the rnsalmon industry mainly in Europe, America and Japan.rnIn other Asian countries, this practice rnseems to be slowly developing due to different rnfactors including the aquaculture system and the rneconomically important value of their fish species.rnHowever, since shrimp farming is a large rnindustry in this region, much effort has been put rninto a vaccine development for viral diseases.rnThose vaccines remain inconclusive.Immunostimulants rnare another option developed for use in rnthe shrimp industry of the region; however their rnefficiency also remains obscure.
