The effect of large offshore and onshore wind farms on the frequency of a national power supply system; simulation modelled on Germany

摘要

The paper describes the simulated effect of large windfarms on the frequency of the interconnected grid system within which they are operating. The study is modelled on Germany. The features of the well-tested and widely used power system simulation package Power System Dynamics (PSD) were expanded so that windfarms with all commonly used wind turbine generators and their control structures can be simulated. In particular, the windfarm interaction with the power grid can be studied. Additionally, the effects of topology and wind conditions at the location of the wind turbines on the output power have been incorporated into the simulation. The result reveals that the stochastic nature of wind power at significant capacity may cause noticeable frequency fluctuation on the whole grid. Without countermeasures, the fluctuating power may use a disproportionately large component of the primary control power reserve of the grid system. The paper describes options for the integration of large offshore and onshore windfarms in the task of primary frequency control.