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Root/Rhizome Exudation of Nicosulfuron from Treated Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and Possible Implications for Corn (Zea mays)

机译:处理过的庄臣草(高粱)中烟嘧磺隆的根/根茎分泌物及其对玉米(玉米)的潜在影响

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Experiments were conducted to evaluate the occurrence and significance of release of herbicide through subterranean parts of nicosulfuron-treated johnsongrass. In a bioassay, the rooting medium of johnsongrass treated foliarly with 50 or 100 μg nicosulfuron plant~(-1) was inhibitory to the radicle elongation of sorghum and corn indicating the increased toxicity of the rooting medium of nicosulfuron-treated johnsongrass. The study with ~(14)C-nicosulfuron indicated a basipetal translocation of foliarly applied nicosulfuron in johnsongrass to its roots/rhizomes and also into the rooting medium. By 30 DAT, around 23% of the ~(14)C-label absorbed by johnsongrass was found exuded into the rooting medium. Radiochromatogram scans of thin layer chromatography plates of rooting medium indicated unmetabolized nicosulfuron as the major ~(14)C-labeled compound (56%). The study also revealed a subsequent uptake of exuded ~(14)C by corn roots sharing the medium. On the whole, the amount of ~(14)C-label recovered from untreated corn amounted to 4.3% of the total applied to johnsongrass. In another experiment, the presence of nicosulfuron in the rooting medium was detrimental to corn growth. Reductions in corn growth occurred at concentrations of 10~(-8) M nicosulfuron or greater in the rooting medium. The sensitivity of corn to root uptake was attributed to greater accumulation of nicosulfuron at a faster rate in the growing parts.
机译:进行实验以评估除草剂通过烟嘧磺隆处理的约翰逊草的地下部分释放的发生及其意义。在生物测定中,用50或100μg烟嘧磺隆植物〜(-1)叶面处理过的约翰逊草的生根培养基抑制了高粱和玉米的根系伸长,表明烟嘧磺隆处理过的约翰逊草的生根培养基毒性增加。用〜(14)C-烟嘧磺隆进行的研究表明,约翰逊草中叶面喷洒的烟嘧磺隆在其根部/根际以及生根介质中向基部移位。到30 DAT时,发现约翰逊草吸收的〜(14)C标签约有23%渗出到生根培养基中。生根培养基薄层色谱板的放射色谱扫描结果表明,未代谢的烟嘧磺隆为主要的〜(14)C标记化合物(56%)。该研究还揭示了共享该培养基的玉米根随后吸收了渗出的〜(14)C。总体而言,从未经处理的玉米中回收的〜(14)C-标记的量占应用于约翰逊草的总量的4.3%。在另一个实验中,生根培养基中烟嘧磺隆的存在对玉米的生长有害。在生根培养基中浓度为10〜(-8)M烟嘧磺隆或更高时,玉米生长减少。玉米对根吸收的敏感性归因于烟嘧磺隆在生长部分以更快的速度积累。

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