The Elevated Game

摘要

Materials scientist and concrete expert George Yoggy has studied the shotcrete and gunite processes for more than 50 years, focusing not only on tunnel and mine construction but also turning his eye toward water-shapes. Here, he reviews industry standards for the density, strength and permeability of pneumatically placed concrete shells and urges watershapers to step up and adopt standards and practices followed by others in the concrete industry.rnIn the world of concrete science and application, innumerable variables have an influence on whether a concrete installation is successful or not These include but are not limited to the skill of the applicator, the suitability of the mix design, the temperature at the time of application, the equipment used, the water-to-cement ratio and the size of the aggregate.