Multiple Pathways to Public-Private Partnerships for Urban Public Service Delivery: A Cross-City Comparison of Bicycle-Sharing Service in China

摘要

Although extant studies have examined the factors affecting the formation of public-private partnerships (PPPs) for urban public service delivery, few have conducted case studies on how institutional and strategic complexities have been addressed in service PPPs that recur across a geographical area. This article applies a perspective of collaborative governance to studying Mobike bicycle-sharing services in four Chinese cities: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Policy learning and regulations address two complexities. Four pathways to the formation of PPPs emerged from comparative case studies: spontaneous market-driven, regulation-driven, innovation-driven and active governance-driven. Shared value and trust, interaction, policy reinvention and joint actions are embedded in these pathways.