One of the critical concerns of the equilibrium model, a key contemporary approaches to traffic assignment, is that this approach requires origin-destination (OD) trip-distribution data, and typically, they are surveyed at an individual level. Moreover, these surveys are required on a regular basis in order to capture the changes in trip generation due to new developments and renewals of traffic analysis zones. These surveys are cost intensive and time consuming, and the data obtained from these surveys can only be used for developing short-term transportation strategies (Reddy & Chakroborty, 1998).
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