OCCURRENCE AND DOMINANT BEHAVIOUR OE SINGLE RHESUS MACAQUE FEMALE IN A UNI-MALE BISEXUAL TROOP OF HANUMAN LANGUR AROUND JODHPUR, RAJASTHAN (INDIA)

摘要

In animal behavior social dominance refers to a learned relationship between individuals such that in agonistic encounters, the subordinate immediately engages in behavior to terminate the encounter such as fleeing or other submissive signaling (Bernstein, 1981). The encounter is unidirectional with the dominant showing aggressive signals or no signal and the subordinate retreating or otherwise submitting. Many people use 'dominance' to mean "priority of access to incentives," because a dominant individual could theoretically use agonistic behavior as an instrumental act to achieve this functional outcome (Carpenter, 1950). Many view dominance in terms of its theoretical function and speculate that dominant individuals use their superiority to obtain whatever improves their genetic fitness and the chance of obtaining mates, food, shelter and social services. Natural selection favors individuals that survive, reproduce more successfully and maximize the survival of their offspring.