Shell structures have many applications including cooling towers, liquid-retaining structures and roofs where large uninterrupted space is required. These structures are aesthetically pleas- ing, make efficient use of construction materials and can economically meet design criteria. A number of serious failures of shell structures during the last century has led to significant Research into their behaviour, analysis, design and construction. Despite this, further research Is still required to improve design, especially with respect to shell dynamics.
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