Modeling Once-Through Cooling Systems of NPPs and TPPs with Marine-Type Cooling Ponds and Environmental Protection

摘要

Once-through cooling systems of NPPs and TPPs have well-known advantages compared with reverse systems. Currently in Russia, their design is not allowed according to the Water Code due to environmental concerns. The basis for such a decision for condensing power stations is disputed by the professional community. The question on the abolition of this ban for NPPs and TPPs on the initiative of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation is decided at the legislative level. In a separate class can be distinguished once-through cooling systems with cooling ponds of the marine type. They use the advantages connected with unlimited amount of water for cooling. The associated environment protection problems can and must be solved at the design development stage. The article discusses the issues of substantiation of their layout and parameters at the predesign stage, taking into account the requirements of environmental protection. A coupling physical and numerical modeling is proposed as a tool of computational justification. With such approach, the advantages of both the modeling kinds are used, and it becomes possible to consider the service cooling water system as a system of interconnected components. The article presents an example of hybrid modeling for elaborating measures aimed to prevent silting of the NPP water intake and water conduit structures caused by deposition of suspended drift. Prospects for application of the proposed method for justification of cooling systems as an important element in improving competitiveness and also developing the export potential of Russia’s energy complex are considered.