Volcanic ash encounter

摘要

How could a double flame-out like the one described at the start have been prevented? Volcanoes such as Manam are frequently active and the nearby airspace is only closed when there is certain knowledge that ash is at high altitudes. A significant increase in the amount of available resources, such as the provision of appropriate radar and/or volcanic ash sensing cameras deployed to detect high altitude emissions, would be required to monitor each such volcano to the extent where we could be confident (even then, emissions lifted in cumulonimbus convection over the volcano would be undetectable). Cloud does and always will provide a strong inhibiting factor in remote sensing detection by the VAAC.