Reviewing the freamework for dealing with urban environmental problems

摘要

It is now widely accepted that there are problems with the state of urban environments globally. This paper presents the commonly used approaches for dealing with environmetnal problems, which have been cawtegorised into target, top-down, market-driven and participative. The problems with these approaches are discussed, and the significance of participative approaches in dealing with environmental probelms at the local scale is highlighted. The paper questions the basis underlying these approaches, and concludes that a new framework is needed to provide fresh approaches for dealing with environmental problems.