In its different incarnations, globalization has been accompanied by the rise of a new breed of technocrats who have made competence the basis of their legitimacy, above and beyond the presence of a political mandate to govern the public sphere. Technocracy is not, however, a modern-day invention. Quite the contrary, technoscientific elites have played a key role in the evolution of the bureaucratic and administrative apparatus of the modern state, in particular around the time of the first Industrial Revolution.
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